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First published online March 31, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 1311-1324 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02758
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Social domination increases neuronal survival in the brain of juvenile crayfish Procambarus clarkii

Cha-Kyong Song*, Laurel M. Johnstone{dagger}, Manfred Schmidt, Charles D. Derby and Donald H. Edwards{ddagger}

Department of Biology, Program in Brains and Behavior, and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA

{ddagger} Author for correspondence (e-mail: dedwards{at}gsu.edu)

Accepted 8 February 2007

Olfactory cues are among the sensory inputs that crayfish use in establishing dominance hierarchies. Throughout their lives, new neurons are continuously added into brain cell clusters 9 and 10, which contain somata of olfactory local and projection interneurons, respectively. Using markers for DNA synthesis (bromodeoxyuridine) and mitosis (phospho-histone-3), we tested juvenile crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) to examine effects of pairwise social experience on proliferation and survival of cells in these brain regions. Proliferating and mitotic cells appeared within restricted neurogenic areas in both clusters and in `tails' extending from them. These tails, embedded in tubulin-positive strands, are linked by a patch of cells. Neither cell proliferation nor mitotic activity was affected by social dominance. Cell survival of neuronal precursors was affected by dominance: compared to dominants, subordinates had fewer newborn cells surviving in cluster 9 after 14 days of social experience. Social experience also affected body growth rate, but the effect of social experience on neurogenesis remained when differences in body growth rate were statistically controlled. We conclude that social domination enhances survival of new olfactory interneuronal precursors compared to social subordination but not compared to social isolation.

Key words: proliferation, neurogenesis, dominance hierarchy, body growth, olfaction, Crustacea


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