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First published online September 14, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 3461-3472 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.009183
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FoxK1 splice variants show developmental stage-specific plasticity of expression with temperature in the tiger pufferfish

Jorge M. O. Fernandes1,2, Matthew G. MacKenzie1,3, James R. Kinghorn1 and Ian A. Johnston1,*

1 School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
2 Department of Fisheries and Natural Sciences, Bodø University College, No-8049 Bodø, Norway
3 School of Life Sciences Research, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: iaj{at}st-and.ac.uk)

Accepted 24 July 2007

FoxK1 is a member of the highly conserved forkhead/winged helix (Fox) family of transcription factors and it is known to play a key role in mammalian muscle development and myogenic stem cell function. The tiger pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) orthologue of mammalian FoxK1 (TFoxK1) has seven exons and is located in a region of conserved synteny between pufferfish and mouse. TFoxK1 is expressed as three alternative transcripts: TFoxK1-{alpha}, TFoxK1-{gamma} and TFoxK1-{delta}. TFoxK1-{alpha} is the orthologue of mouse FoxK1-{alpha}, coding for a putative protein of 558 residues that contains the forkhead and forkhead-associated domains typical of Fox proteins and shares 53% global identity with its mammalian homologue. TFoxK1-{gamma} and TFoxK1-{delta} arise from intron retention events and these transcripts translate into the same 344-amino acid protein with a truncated forkhead domain. Neither are orthologues of mouse FoxK1-ß. In adult fish, the TFoxK1 splice variants were differentially expressed between fast and slow myotomal muscle, as well as other tissues, and the FoxK1-{alpha} protein was expressed in myogenic progenitor cells of fast myotomal muscle. During embryonic development, TFoxK1 was transiently expressed in the developing somites, heart, brain and eye. The relative expression of TFoxK1-{alpha} and the other two alternative transcripts varied with the incubation temperature regime for equivalent embryonic stages and the differences were particularly marked at later developmental stages. The developmental expression pattern of TFoxK1 and its localisation to mononuclear myogenic progenitor cells in adult fast muscle indicate that it may play an essential role in myogenesis in T. rubripes.

Key words: forkhead box/winged helix, myocyte nuclear factor (MNF), myogenesis, thermal plasticity, alternative splicing


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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2007