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First published online June 29, 2007
Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 2526-2539 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
doi: 10.1242/jeb.003939

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Modulation of locomotor activity in larval zebrafish during light adaptation

Harold A. Burgess and Michael Granato^*

Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: granatom{at}mail.med.upenn.edu)

Accepted 3 May 2007

The neural basis of behavioral choice in vertebrates remains largely unknown. Zebrafish larvae have a defined locomotor repertoire as well as a simple nervous system and are therefore an attractive vertebrate system in which to study this process. Here we describe a high-throughput system for quantifying the kinematics of motor events in zebrafish larvae in order to measure the initiation frequency of different maneuvers. We use this system to analyze responses to photic stimuli and find that larvae respond to changes in illumination with both acute responses and extended behavioral programs. Reductions in illumination elicit large angle turns, distinct from startle responses, which orient larvae toward the source of light. In continuing darkness, larvae are transiently hyperactive before adopting a quiescent state. Indeed, locomotor activity is controlled by the state of light or dark adaptation similar to masking phenomena in higher vertebrates where light directly regulates motor activity. We propose that regulation of motor activity by photic stimuli in zebrafish larvae serves a behavioral goal of maximizing exposure to well lit environments optimal for feeding.

Key words: zebrafish, behavior, tracking, locomotion, light adaptation, visual startle, escape, masking

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