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First published online April 18, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 1612-1616 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02196
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Polarization sensitivity in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii enhances the detection of moving transparent objects

John C. Tuthill1 and Sönke Johnsen2,*

1 Biology Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
2 Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: sjohnsen{at}duke.edu)

Accepted 2 March 2006

We tested the hypothesis that polarization sensitivity enhances the detection of moving, transparent objects by examining the escape response of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii Girard) from a visual threat. A transparent, birefringent target trans-illuminated by either partially linear polarized or unpolarized light was advanced toward individual crayfish. The optical axis of the target was aligned such that it would be conspicuous to a viewer with polarization sensitivity when trans-illuminated by polarized light. Under polarized light, significantly more crayfish retreated from the target than under unpolarized light of identical intensity (P<0.00005, Fisher's exact test). Whereas the potential for polarization sensitivity has been shown in neurophysiological and structural studies of the visual system of P. clarkii and the signal crayfish Pasifastacus leniusculus (Dana), our results provide the first behavioral evidence for polarization sensitivity among crayfish. The ecological function of this ability is unclear, but it may enhance the detection of fish with silvered scales, transparent zooplankton or macroinvertebrates. Because escape responses are generally more reliably induced than other behaviors, the method employed in this study may prove useful for examining sensory capabilities in other species.

Key words: polarization vision, polarization sensitivity, crayfish, contrast enhancement, Procambarus clarkii


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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006