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First published online March 17, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 1179-1184 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02100
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Tribute to R. G. Boutilier: Acid–base transfer across fish gills

D. J. Randall* and T. K. N. Tsui

Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, S.A.R. China

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: bhrand{at}cityu.edu.hk)

Accepted 28 December 2005

The gills are the major site of acid–base regulation in most fish. Acid–base transfer across fish gills is dominated by carbon dioxide and ammonia excretion, especially the former. Bicarbonate buffering in the blood is less than that found in mammals; regulation of ventilation has little effect on CO2 levels in the blood and control of ventilation is not used to regulate body pH in fish. Proton ATPase (freshwater fish), Na+/H+ exchangers (marine fish) and anion exchangers (marine and freshwater fish) are located in the gills. These transporters contribute to the regulation of internal pH, but little is known about how this is done in fish. Fish kept in confined water volumes acidify their environment, largely due to CO2. This acidification augments ammonia excretion and reduces ammonia toxicity. The possible involvement of ammonia recycling in acid excretion is also discussed.

Key words: acid–base, gills, fish, ammonia, carbon dioxide


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Related articles in JEB:

A TRIBUTE TO BOB BOUTILIER
Kathryn Phillips
JEB 2006 209: i. [Full Text]  





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