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First published online January 19, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 510-517 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01973

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Corticotropin-releasing hormone-receptor 1 (CRH-R1) and CRH-binding protein (CRH-BP) are expressed in the gills and skin of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and respond to acute stress and infection

A. F. Mazon¹, B. M. L. Verburg-van Kemenade^1,*, G. Flik² and M. O. Huising^1,2

¹ Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
² Department of Animal Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: lidy.vankemenade{at}wur.nl)

Accepted 8 November 2005

We established that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), CRH-binding protein (CRH-BP) and CRH-receptor 1 (CRH-R1) are expressed in the gills and skin of common carp Cyprinus carpio, an early vertebrate. Immunoreactive CRH was detected in macrophage-like cells in gills and skin, in fibroblasts in the skin and in endothelial cells in the gills. The involvement of the CRH system in gills and skin was investigated in response to infection and in an acute restraint stress paradigm. Carp were infected with the protozoan leech-transmitted blood flagellate Trypanoplasma borreli and subjected to acute restraint stress by netting for 24 h. The expression of CRH-BP and CRH-R1 genes in the gills and in the skin is downregulated after both infection and restraint. Thus the peripheral CRH system reacts to infection and stress. The gills and skin separate the internal from the external environment and are permanently exposed to stress and pathogens. Because of their pivotal role in maintaining the homeostatic equilibrium, these organs must act locally to respond to diverse stresses. Clearly, the CRH system is involved in the response of the integument to diverse stresses at the vulnerable interface of the internal and external milieu.

Key words: fish, corticotropin-releasing hormone, cRH-BP, cRH-R1, Cyprinus carpio, gills, skin

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