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First published online August 30, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 3621-3628 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02405
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Dolphin continuous auditory vigilance for five days

Sam Ridgway1,2,*, Don Carder1, James Finneran1, Mandy Keogh3, Tricia Kamolnick4, Mark Todd4 and Allen Goldblatt2,5

1 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, Code 235, 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, CA 92152-5001, USA
2 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
3 Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
4 SAIC Biosolutions Division, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
5 Department of Zoology, University of Tel Aviv, Israel

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: sridgway{at}UCSD.edu)

Accepted 26 June 2006

The present report describes the first study of continuous vigilance in dolphins. Two adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), WEN (male) and SAY (female), maintained a very high detection rate of randomly presented, infrequent, 1.5-s target tones in a background of frequent 0.5-s equal-amplitude tones over five continuous 120-h sessions. The animals were able to maintain high levels (WEN 97, 87, 99%; SAY 93, 96%) of target detection without signs of sleep deprivation as indicated by behavior, blood indices or marked sleep rebound during 24 h of continuous post-experiment observation. Target response time overall (F=0.384; P=0.816) did not change between day 1 and day 5. However, response time was significantly slower (F=21.566, P=0.019) during the night (21.00-04.00 h) when the dolphins would have ordinarily been resting or asleep.

Key words: dolphin, Tursiops, vigilance, diurnal rhythm, brain, unihemispheric sleep, hemisphere autonomy


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S. Ridgway, M. Keogh, D. Carder, J. Finneran, T. Kamolnick, M. Todd, and A. Goldblatt
Dolphins maintain cognitive performance during 72 to 120 hours of continuous auditory vigilance
J. Exp. Biol., May 15, 2009; 212(10): 1519 - 1527.
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