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First published online August 17, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 3429-3439 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02347

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Associations between tissue fatty acid composition and physiological traits of performance and metabolism in the seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

A. Chatelier^1,*, D. J. McKenzie¹, A. Prinet¹, R. Galois¹, J. Robin², J. Zambonino² and G. Claireaux¹

¹ CNRS-Ifremer UMR 10, Centre de Recherche sur les Écosystèmes Marins et Aquacoles, Place du Séminaire, BP 5, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
² Unité mixte Nutrition, Aquaculture, Génomique Inra-Ifremer-Bordeaux 1, Laboratoire Adaptation Reproduction Nutrition des Poissons, Ifremer, Centre de Brest, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: Aurelien.Chatelier{at}crhl.ulaval.ca)

Accepted 24 May 2006

Seabass were fed for 4 months with diets where the lipid was provided as either canola oil (CO), palm oil (PO) or fish oil (FO), to generate diversity in their tissue fatty acid (FA) composition and investigate how this influenced major traits of exercise performance, cardiac performance and respiratory metabolism. In particular, based upon previous observations, we investigated the hypothesis that enriching the fish tissues with oleic and linoleic acids (OA, 18:1n-9 and LA, 18:2n-6, respectively) from the CO and PO diets would improve maximum exercise and cardiac performance, and increase aerobic metabolic scope. This proved to be the case; exercise respirometry on bass fitted with cardiac flow probes revealed that those fed CO and PO diets had a significantly higher critical swimming speed (U_crit) than those fed the FO diet. The improved swimming performance in the CO and PO groups was accompanied by a higher maximum cardiac output () and net cardiac scope, and a higher active metabolic rate (AMR) and aerobic scope (AS) than in the FO group. Analysis of tissue FA composition revealed that the fish fed the CO and PO diets had accumulated significantly higher levels of OA and LA in their heart and muscle than the fish from the FO group, which had significantly higher levels of highly unsaturated FA of the n-3 series, such as EPA and DHA (20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, respectively). Principal components analysis revealed significant positive associations between tissue OA and LA content and U_crit, maximum Q, the increase in Q during exercise, AMR and aerobic scope. There was a negative association between these physiological traits and tissue content of EPA. Therefore, diet composition is an environmental factor that can generate significant phenotypic diversity in major physiological traits of performance and metabolism in the seabass, with increased intake of FAs such as OA and LA leading to improved cardiorespiratory performance.

Key words: seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, swimming, metabolism, cardiovascular performance, fatty acid, diet

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