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First published online July 20, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 2920-2928 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02325

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Material properties and biochemical composition of mineralized vertebral cartilage in seven elasmobranch species (Chondrichthyes)

Marianne E. Porter^1,*, Jennie L. Beltrán¹, Thomas J. Koob² and Adam P. Summers¹

¹ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 321 Steinhaus Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
² Shriners Hospital for Children, 12502 Pine Drive, Tampa, FL 33612-9499, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: porterm{at}uci.edu)

Accepted 13 May 2006

Elasmobranchs, particularly sharks, function at speed and size extremes, exerting large forces on their cartilaginous skeletons while swimming. This casts doubt on the generalization that cartilaginous skeletons are mechanically inferior to bony skeletons, a proposition that has never been experimentally verified. We tested mineralized vertebral centra from seven species of elasmobranch fishes: six sharks and one axially undulating electric ray. Species were chosen to represent a variety of morphologies, inferred swimming speeds and ecological niches. We found vertebral cartilage to be as stiff and strong as mammalian trabecular bone. Inferred swimming speed was a good, but not infallible, predictor of stiffness and strength. Collagen content was also a good predictor of material stiffness and strength, although proteoglycan was not. The mineral fraction in vertebral cartilage was similar to that in mammalian trabecular bone and was a significant predictor of material properties.

Key words: mineralized cartilage, stiffness, ultimate strength, collagen, proteoglycan

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. E. Porter, T. J. Koob, and A. P. Summers The contribution of mineral to the material properties of vertebral cartilage from the smooth-hound shark Mustelus californicus J. Exp. Biol., October 1, 2007; 210(19): 3319 - 3327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]