QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s):
Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents

First published online July 20, 2006
Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 2813-2827 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
doi: 10.1242/jeb.02345

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Grosell, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Grosell, M. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Review Article

Intestinal anion exchange in marine fish osmoregulation

Martin Grosell

RSMAS, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149-1098, USA

e-mail: mgrosell{at}rsmas.miami.edu

Accepted 23 May 2006

Despite early reports, dating back three quarters of a century, of high total CO₂ concentrations in the intestinal fluids of marine teleost fishes, only the past decade has provided some insight into the functional significance of this phenomenon. It is now being recognized that intestinal anion exchange is responsible for high luminal HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- concentrations while at the same time contributing substantially to intestinal Cl^- and thereby water absorption, which is vital for marine fish osmoregulation. In species examined to date, the majority of HCO₃^- secreted by the apical anion exchange process is derived from hydration of metabolic CO₂ with the resulting H⁺ being extruded via a Na⁺:H⁺ exchange mechanism in the basolateral membrane. The basolateral H⁺ extrusion is critical for the apical anion exchange and relies on the Na⁺ gradient established by the Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase. This enzyme thereby ultimately fuels the secondary active transport of HCO₃^- and Cl^- by the apical anion exchanger. High cellular HCO₃^- concentrations (>10 mmol l^-1) are required for the anion exchange process and could be the result of both a high metabolic activity of the intestinal epithelium and a close association of the anion exchange protein and the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. The anion exchange activity in vivo is likely most pronounced in the anterior segment and results in net intestinal acid absorption. In contrast to other water absorbing vertebrate epithelia, the marine teleost intestine absorbs what appears to be a hypertonic fluid to displace diffusive fluid loss to the marine environment.

Key words: hypertonic water absorption, Cl^-/HCO₃^- exchange, secondary active Cl^- and HCO₃^- transport, acidic absorbate

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. R. Taylor and M. Grosell The intestinal response to feeding in seawater gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, includes elevated base secretion and increased epithelial oxygen consumption J. Exp. Biol., December 1, 2009; 212(23): 3873 - 3881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Kato, M.-H. Chang, Y. Kurita, T. Nakada, M. Ogoshi, T. Nakazato, H. Doi, S. Hirose, and M. F. Romero Identification of renal transporters involved in sulfate excretion in marine teleost fish Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2009; 297(6): R1647 - R1659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Grosell Using phenotypic plasticity: focus on "Identification of renal transporters involved in sulfate excretion in marine teleost fish" Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2009; 297(6): R1645 - R1646. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Bucking, J. L. Fitzpatrick, S. R. Nadella, and C. M. Wood Post-prandial metabolic alkalosis in the seawater-acclimated trout: the alkaline tide comes in J. Exp. Biol., July 15, 2009; 212(14): 2159 - 2166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Grosell, J. Genz, J. R. Taylor, S. F. Perry, and K. M. Gilmour The involvement of H+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase in intestinal HCO3- secretion in seawater-acclimated rainbow trout J. Exp. Biol., June 15, 2009; 212(12): 1940 - 1948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Grosell, E. M. Mager, C. Williams, and J. R. Taylor High rates of HCO3- secretion and Cl- absorption against adverse gradients in the marine teleost intestine: the involvement of an electrogenic anion exchanger and H+-pump metabolon? J. Exp. Biol., June 1, 2009; 212(11): 1684 - 1696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Weihrauch, M. P. Wilkie, and P. J. Walsh Ammonia and urea transporters in gills of fish and aquatic crustaceans J. Exp. Biol., June 1, 2009; 212(11): 1716 - 1730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. W. Wilson, F. J. Millero, J. R. Taylor, P. J. Walsh, V. Christensen, S. Jennings, and M. Grosell Contribution of Fish to the Marine Inorganic Carbon Cycle Science, January 16, 2009; 323(5912): 359 - 362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. R. Scott, D. W. Baker, P. M. Schulte, and C. M. Wood Physiological and molecular mechanisms of osmoregulatory plasticity in killifish after seawater transfer J. Exp. Biol., August 1, 2008; 211(15): 2450 - 2459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Bucking and C. M. Wood The alkaline tide and ammonia excretion after voluntary feeding in freshwater rainbow trout J. Exp. Biol., August 1, 2008; 211(15): 2533 - 2541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A. Cooper and R. W. Wilson Post-prandial alkaline tide in freshwater rainbow trout: effects of meal anticipation on recovery from acid-base and ion regulatory disturbances J. Exp. Biol., August 1, 2008; 211(15): 2542 - 2550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. H. Evans Teleost fish osmoregulation: what have we learned since August Krogh, Homer Smith, and Ancel Keys Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2008; 295(2): R704 - R713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Genz, J. R. Taylor, and M. Grosell Effects of salinity on intestinal bicarbonate secretion and compensatory regulation of acid-base balance in Opsanus beta J. Exp. Biol., July 15, 2008; 211(14): 2327 - 2335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. J. Fabry, B. A. Seibel, R. A. Feely, and J. C. Orr Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes ICES J. Mar. Sci., April 1, 2008; 65(3): 414 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Kurita, T. Nakada, A. Kato, H. Doi, A. C. Mistry, M.-H. Chang, M. F. Romero, and S. Hirose Identification of intestinal bicarbonate transporters involved in formation of carbonate precipitates to stimulate water absorption in marine teleost fish Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2008; 294(4): R1402 - R1412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. K. Tipsmark Identification of FXYD protein genes in a teleost: tissue-specific expression and response to salinity change Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2008; 294(4): R1367 - R1378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Raldua, D. Otero, M. Fabra, and J. Cerda Differential localization and regulation of two aquaporin-1 homologs in the intestinal epithelia of the marine teleost Sparus aurata Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2008; 294(3): R993 - R1003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Tresguerres, S. K. Parks, S. E. Sabatini, G. G. Goss, and C. M. Luquet Regulation of ion transport by pH and [HCO3-] in isolated gills of the crab Neohelice (Chasmagnathus) granulata Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2008; 294(3): R1033 - R1043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Grosell, K. M. Gilmour, and S. F. Perry Intestinal carbonic anhydrase, bicarbonate, and proton carriers play a role in the acclimation of rainbow trout to seawater Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): R2099 - R2111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Taylor and M. Grosell Feeding and osmoregulation: dual function of the marine teleost intestine J. Exp. Biol., August 1, 2006; 209(15): 2939 - 2951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]