QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s):
Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents

First published online January 5, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 277-285 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01368

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Richier, S. Articles by Allemand, D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Richier, S. Articles by Allemand, D. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Symbiosis-induced adaptation to oxidative stress

Sophie Richier¹, Paola Furla¹, Amandine Plantivaux¹, Pierre-Laurent Merle¹ and Denis Allemand^1,2,*

¹ Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 02, France
² Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint-Martin, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: allemand{at}unice.fr)

Accepted 1 November 2004

Cnidarians in symbiosis with photosynthetic protists must withstand daily hyperoxic/anoxic transitions within their host cells. Comparative studies between symbiotic (Anemonia viridis) and non-symbiotic (Actinia schmidti) sea anemones show striking differences in their response to oxidative stress. First, the basal expression of SOD is very different. Symbiotic animal cells have a higher isoform diversity (number and classes) and a higher activity than the non-symbiotic cells. Second, the symbiotic animal cells of A. viridis also maintain unaltered basal values for cellular damage when exposed to experimental hyperoxia (100% O₂) or to experimental thermal stress (elevated temperature +7°C above ambient). Under such conditions, A. schmidti modifies its SOD activity significantly. Electrophoretic patterns diversify, global activities diminish and cell damage biomarkers increase. These data suggest symbiotic cells adapt to stress while non-symbiotic cells remain acutely sensitive. In addition to being toxic, high O₂ partial pressure (P_O2) may also constitute a preconditioning step for symbiotic animal cells, leading to an adaptation to the hyperoxic condition and, thus, to oxidative stress. Furthermore, in aposymbiotic animal cells of A. viridis, repression of some animal SOD isoforms is observed. Meanwhile, in cultured symbionts, new activity bands are induced, suggesting that the host might protect its zooxanthellae in hospite. Similar results have been observed in other symbiotic organisms, such as the sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella and the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Molecular or physical interactions between the two symbiotic partners may explain such variations in SOD activity and might confer oxidative stress tolerance to the animal host.

Key words: cnidarians, zooxanthellae, symbiosis, oxidative stress, hyperoxia, thermal stress, SOD

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Bertucci, E. Tambutte, S. Tambutte, D. Allemand, and D. Zoccola Symbiosis-dependent gene expression in coral-dinoflagellate association: cloning and characterization of a P-type H+-ATPase gene Proc R Soc B, September 30, 2009; (2009) rspb.2009.1266v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Ferrier-Pages, E. Tambutte, T. Zamoum, N. Segonds, P.-L. Merle, N. Bensoussan, D. Allemand, J. Garrabou, and S. Tambutte Physiological response of the symbiotic gorgonian Eunicella singularis to a long-term temperature increase J. Exp. Biol., September 15, 2009; 212(18): 3007 - 3015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. M. Weis Cellular mechanisms of Cnidarian bleaching: stress causes the collapse of symbiosis J. Exp. Biol., October 1, 2008; 211(19): 3059 - 3066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Perez and V. Weis Cyclophilin and the Regulation of Symbiosis in Aiptasia pallida Biol. Bull., August 1, 2008; 215(1): 63 - 72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Reitzel, J. C. Sullivan, N. Traylor-knowles, and J. R. Finnerty Genomic Survey of Candidate Stress-Response Genes in the Estuarine Anemone Nematostella vectensis Biol. Bull., June 1, 2008; 214(3): 233 - 254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. R Dunn, C. E Schnitzler, and V. M Weis Apoptosis and autophagy as mechanisms of dinoflagellate symbiont release during cnidarian bleaching: every which way you lose Proc R Soc B, December 22, 2007; 274(1629): 3079 - 3085. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Perez and V. Weis Nitric oxide and cnidarian bleaching: an eviction notice mediates breakdown of a symbiosis J. Exp. Biol., July 15, 2006; 209(14): 2804 - 2810. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Furla, D. Allemand, J. M. Shick, C. Ferrier-Pages, S. Richier, A. Plantivaux, P.-L. Merle, and S. Tambutte The Symbiotic Anthozoan: A Physiological Chimera between Alga and Animal Integr. Comp. Biol., August 1, 2005; 45(4): 595 - 604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]