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First published online August 4, 2005
Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 3109-3120 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01751

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Cardiorespiratory adjustments of homing pigeons to steady wind tunnel flight

Grant W. Peters^*, Dee A. Steiner, Jason A. Rigoni, Alexia D. Mascilli, Robert W. Schnepp and Steven P. Thomas

Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA

^* Author for correspondence at University of Pittsburgh, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Biomedical Science Tower

Accepted 14 June 2005

We made detailed cardiorespiratory measurements from homing pigeons during quiet rest and steady wind tunnel flight. Our pigeons satisfied their 17.4-fold increase in oxygen consumption during flight with a 7.4-fold increase in cardiac output () and a 2.4-fold increase in blood oxygen extraction. was increased primarily by increasing heart rate sixfold. Comparisons between our study and those from the only other detailed cardiorespiratory study on flying birds reveal a number of similarities and important differences. Although the avian allometric equations from this earlier study accurately predicted the flight of our pigeons, this was primarily due to due to compensating discrepancies in their heart rate and stroke volume predictions. Additionally, the measured heart mass (M_H)-specific (/M_H) of our pigeons during wind tunnel flight was about 22% lower than the estimated value. Compared to running mammals in previous studies, the 1.65-fold of our pigeons is consistent with their larger heart mass.

Key words: blood gas, metabolism, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate

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