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First published online March 22, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 1553-1561 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00910

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Acclimation to hypothermic incubation in developing chicken embryos (Gallus domesticus) : II. Hematology and blood O₂ transport

Juli L. Black and Warren W. Burggren^*

Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: burggren{at}unt.edu)

Accepted 22 January 2004

Hypothermic incubation reduces the ability of the late-stage chicken embryo to mount endothermic heat production. This study investigates whether blood O₂ transport is similarly limited by cooler incubation temperatures. Two populations of chicken embryos were incubated at 38°C and 35°C. At Hamilton–Hamburger (HH) developmental stage 41–42, hypothermic incubation had no significant effect on hematocrit (26%) or [Hb] (7 g%). However, in the final stages of incubation (stage 43–44), hypothermic incubation reduced hematocrit from 31% at 38°C to 27.5% at 35°C. Hypothermic incubation similarly caused a reduced [Hb] from 8.5 g% (38°C) to 6.25 g% (35°C), indicating a reduction in blood O₂-carrying capacity in embryos. Incubation temperature had a strong effect on blood–O₂ affinity in late development (stage 43–44), with P₅₀ at 38°C falling significantly from 6 kPa in 38°C embyros to 4 kPa in 35°C embryos. P_O2 values in chorioallantoic arterial blood at HH 41–42 were 4.3 kPa at pH 7.46 (38°C) and 3.4 kPa at pH 7.39 (35°C). In chorioallantoic venous blood these values were 9.1 kPa at pH 7.34 (38°C) and 8.1 kPa at pH 7.42 (35°C). With further development to HH 43–44, chorioallantoic arterial blood oxygenation fell to 2.4 kPa at pH 7.54 (38°C) and 2.8 kPa at pH 7.52 (35°C). Similarly, P_O2 in chorioallantoic venous blood fell slightly to 7.7 kPa at pH 7.42 (38°C) and 7.4 kPa at pH 7.48 (35°C). Collectively, these data reveal that beyond HH 41–42, 35°C embryos experience retarded hematological development, and the findings that support the observed delayed metabolic response to acute temperature changes.

Key words: chicken embryo, Gallus domesticus, thermoregulation, hypothermic incubation, hemoglobin–oxygen affinity, heterokairy

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