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First published online December 22, 2003
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 527-533 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00783

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Future migratory behaviour predicted from premigratory levels of gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in individual wild brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Christian Nielsen^1,*, Kim Aarestrup², Ulrik Nørum¹ and Steffen S. Madsen¹

¹ Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
² Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark

^* Author for correspondence at present address: Department of Clinical Immunology, Sdr Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark (e-mail: christian.nielsen{at}ouh.fyns-amt.dk)

Accepted 10 November 2003

The relationship between premigratory gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity, determined at two dates during spring, and future migratory behaviour was investigated using non-lethal gill biopsies and PIT-tagging in wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) from two tributaries. No significant relationship between future migratory strategy (individuals eventually becoming migrants or residents) and gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity was found in late February–early March. By contrast, in mid-April, a highly significant logistic regression equation identifying the migratory strategy in 93% of the 75 individuals was obtained. The ability of this regression model from the tributaries to predict future migratory behaviour in an independent group of trout caught in early April in the mainstream was evaluated. A threshold probability of migration was used to predict the behaviour of the mainstream individuals as either future migrants or residents. The maximum percentage of correct predictions of future migratory behaviour in mainstream fish was observed at threshold probabilities between approximately 0.15 and 0.45 (corresponding to threshold gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activities between 2.7 and 3.7 µmol ADP mg^–1 protein h^–1), with an average of 91% of the predictions being correct. The present study shows that a non-lethal premigratory biochemical measurement can successfully select individual brown trout with high probability of migration.

Key words: brown trout, Salmo trutta, migration, prediction of migratory behaviour, gill, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase

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