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First published online October 21, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 4077-4084 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01254
Calcium handling in Sparus auratus: effects of water and dietary calcium levels on mineral composition, cortisol and PTHrP levels
1 Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
2 Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de
Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: gertflik{at}sci.kun.nl)
Accepted 17 August 2004
Juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus L.; 10–40 g body
mass) were acclimatized in the laboratory to full strength (34
) or
dilute (2.5) seawater and fed normal, calcium-sufficient or
calcium-deficient diet for nine weeks. Mean growth rate, whole-body calcium
and phosphorus content and accumulation rates were determined, as well as
plasma levels of ionic and total calcium, cortisol and parathyroid hormone
related protein (PTHrP; a hypercalcemic hormone in fish). When confronted with
limited calcium access (low salinity and calcium-deficient diet), sea bream
show growth arrest. Both plasma cortisol and PTHrP increase when calcium is
limited in water or diet, and a positive relationship was found between plasma
PTHrP and plasma ionic calcium (R2=0.29, N=18,
P<0.05). Furthermore, a strong correlation was found between net
calcium and phosphorus accumulation (R2=0.92,
N=16, P<0.01) and between body mass and whole-body
calcium (R2=0.84, N=25, P<0.01) and
phosphorus (R2=0.88, N=24, P<0.01)
content. Phosphorus accumulation is strongly calcium dependent, as phosphorus
accumulation decreases in parallel to calcium accumulation when the diet is
calcium deficient but phosphorus sufficient. We conclude that PTHrP and
cortisol are involved in the regulation of the hydromineral balance of these
fish, with growth-related calcium accumulation as an important target.
Key words: calcium balance, PTHrP, cortisol, hypocalcemia, growth, phosphorus, Sparus auratus
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