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First published online August 31, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 3531-3536 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01184
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Environmental split between germ cell parasitism and somatic cell synergism in chimeras of a colonial urochordate

Baruch Rinkevich* and Irena Yankelevich

Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Tel Shikmona, POB 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: buki{at}ocean.org.il)

Accepted 12 July 2004

Colonies of the urochordate Botryllus schlosseri may fuse upon contact if they share common alleles on the highly polymorphic fusibility/histocompatibility locus. While, in these chimeras, one of the partners is usually morphologically eliminated (resorbed), circulating totipotent cells of the inferior genotype on the resorption phenomenon may parasitize either the soma or the germ line of the winner. Here, we show an environmental split of the two stem cell lineages that may develop germ cell parasitism vs somatic cell cooperation. Each naturally formed Botryllus chimera can be a composite of component genotypes created through two unlinked parasitic germ and somatic cell lineage interactions. The germ line parasitism is inherited through a pedigree. Conversely, by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite alleles as polymorphic genetic markers, and seawater temperature as the variable environmental factor, we documented that the somatic constituent of chimeric zooids was shifted from one genotype to another, in accordance with the changes in seawater temperatures. This variable somatic state of chimerism in the field may, thus, carry benefits to the chimeral entity, which presents synergistically, at any time, the best-fitted combination of its genetic components.

Key words: Botryllus, chimerism, fusion-rejection, green-beard allelism, stem cell


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