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First published online August 31, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 3441-3446 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01172
Commentary |
Myoglobin: an essential hemoprotein in striated muscle
1 Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX 75390, USA
2 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
3 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: george.ordway{at}utsouthwestern.edu)
Accepted 30 June 2004
Myoglobin is a cytoplasmic hemoprotein, expressed solely in cardiac myocytes and oxidative skeletal muscle fibers, that reversibly binds O2 by its heme residue, a porphyrin ring:iron ion complex. Since the initial discovery of its structure over 40 years ago, wide-ranging work by many investigators has added importantly to our understanding of its function and regulation. Functionally, myoglobin is well accepted as an O2-storage protein in muscle, capable of releasing O2 during periods of hypoxia or anoxia. Myoglobin is also thought to buffer intracellular O2 concentration when muscle activity increases and to facilitate intracellular O2 diffusion by providing a parallel path that augments simple diffusion of dissolved O2. The use of gene targeting and other molecular biological techniques has revealed important new insights into the developmental and environmental regulation of myoglobin and provided additional functions for this hemoprotein such as scavenging nitric oxide and reactive O2 species. These recent findings, coupled with additional emerging technologies and the discovery of other tissue globins, provide a framework for addressing new questions about myoglobin and readdressing old ones.
Key words: myoglobin, hemoprotein, skeletal muscle, cardiac, myocyte, function, regulation, gene targeting
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