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First published online August 6, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 3243-3249 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00977
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Review Article

Clinical perspectives: neuroprotection lessons from hypoxia-tolerant organisms

Philip E. Bickler

Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0542, USA

e-mail: bicklerp{at}anesthesia.ucsf.edu

Accepted 12 March 2004

An effective treatment for brain ischemia is a pressing medical need. Research on brain ischemia has largely focused on understanding the mechanisms of neuron death as a way of identifying targets for therapy. An attractive alternative approach is to identify the survival strategies of hypoxia-tolerant neurons. The adaptation of vertebrate neurons to hypoxia occurs in at least three major ways: (1) as a constitutive property of neurons in anoxia-tolerant turtles and fish, (2) as a property of intra-uterine and early post-natal mammalian development, and (3) as part of a slower, chronic process, as in acclimitization to high altitude. Research on hypoxia-tolerant neurons has already revised several earlier concepts, including the role of calcium in cell death and survival, and the value of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism. A broad and fundamental understanding of how neurons adapt to hypoxia is likely to help guide efforts to find new treatments for brain hypoxia and ischemia.

Key words: brain, ischemia, hypoxia, neuron, adaptation, hypothermia


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THE HYPOXIC BRAIN
Kathryn Phillips
JEB 2004 207: i. [Full Text]  



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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2004