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First published online August 6, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 3155-3162 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01114
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Review Article

Hypoxia tolerance in mammalian heterotherms

K. L. Drew1,*, M. B. Harris1, J. C. LaManna2, M. A. Smith3, X. W. Zhu3 and Y. L. Ma1

1 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
2 Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
3 Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: ffkld{at}uaf.edu)

Accepted 26 May 2004

Heterothermic mammals tolerate severe hypoxia, as well as a variety of central nervous system insults, better than homeothermic mammals. Tolerance to hypoxia may stem from adaptations associated with the ability to survive hibernation and periodic arousal thermogenesis. Here, we review evidence and mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance during hibernation, euthermy and arousal in heterothermic mammals and consider potential mechanisms for regenerative-like processes, such as synaptogenesis, observed within hours of hypoxic stress associated with arousal thermogenesis.

Key words: hibernation, ischemia, JNK/SAPK, inflammation, reoxygenation, hypothermia, antioxidant defense, metabolic suppression


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