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First published online August 6, 2004
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 3125-3129 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
doi: 10.1242/jeb.01133

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Review Article

Role of trehalose phosphate synthase and trehalose during hypoxia: from flies to mammals

Qiaofang Chen and Gabriel G. Haddad^*

Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: Ghaddad{at}aecom.yu.edu)

Accepted 9 June 2004

Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide in which the two glucose units are linked in an ,-1,1-glycosidic linkage. The best known and most widely distributed pathway of trehalose synthesis involves the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to glucose 6-phosphate to form trehalose-6-phosphate and UDP via the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS1). Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPS2) then converts trehalose-6-phosphate to free trehalose. This sugar is present in a wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, insects, invertebrates and plants, and because of its particular physical features, trehalose is able to protect the integrity of cells against a variety of environmental stresses such as desiccation, dehydration, heat, cold and oxidation. Our current studies described here indicate that trehalose protects Drosophila and mammalian cells from hypoxic and anoxic injury. The mechanism of this protection is probably related to a decrease in protein denaturation through protein–trehalose interactions.

Key words: trehalose, glucose, hypoxia, anoxia, trehalose phosphate synthase

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