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First published online September 9, 2003

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The Journal of Experimental Biology 206, 3541-3546 (2003)
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00601

Review

Neuromodulation in invertebrate sensory systems: from biophysics to behavior

John T. Birmingham^1,* and David L. Tauck²

¹ Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
² Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: JBirmingham{at}scu.edu)

Accepted 9 July 2003

Neuromodulation may enhance the ability of sensory circuits to respond appropriately to widely variable environmental stimuli. The functional significance of neuromodulation will emerge from understanding the effects of modulators not just on single cells and synapses, but also on networks and the behavior of intact animals. With their relatively simple circuitry and large identifiable cells, invertebrate nervous systems offer insights into the complex roles of neuromodulators in modifying networks to meet the changing needs of the animal. Here we describe the role of neuromodulation in several invertebrate sensory systems that have been studied at a variety of levels, from the biophysical up to the behavioral.

Key words: Neuromodulation, invertebrate, gain modulation, sensory

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