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First published online August 25, 2003

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The Journal of Experimental Biology 206, 3437-3445 (2003)
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00550

Mechanical properties of rat soleus aponeurosis and tendon during variable recruitment in situ

Ryan J. Monti¹, Roland R. Roy^2,*, Hui Zhong² and V. R. Edgerton^1,2

¹ Department of Physiological Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
² Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: rrr{at}ucla.edu)

Accepted 20 June 2003

The in vitro mechanical properties of tendons are well described, whereas little data exist for conditions mimicking those found in vivo. Descriptions of the in situ mechanical properties of aponeuroses are more common, but the results are variable. Our goal was to examine the mechanical properties of these tissues under conditions mimicking the in vivo state. Tissue strains were measured in the rat (Rattus norvegicus) soleus muscle directly from the spacing of metal markers implanted within the tissues of interest using an X-ray video microscope. Strains were measured for the tendon and three regions (proximal, middle and distal) of the aponeurosis. Muscle stimulation was accomplished through isolated ventral rootlets, allowing force to be graded in seven repeatable increments independent of muscle-tendon unit length. Peak strains (during maximal tetanic contraction at optimum length; P_o) were 5% in tendon and 12% in all regions of the aponeurosis. At forces above 50% of P_o, tissue stiffness was nearly constant in all regions, and a pronounced toe region was observed only at forces below 25% of P_o. Stiffness increased in all regions as the muscle-tendon unit was lengthened. These results suggest that using mechanical properties measured ex vivo or during single contractile events in situ to estimate the in vivo behavior of tendon and aponeurosis may lead to errors in estimating the distribution of strain among the contractile and series elastic elements of the muscle.

Key words: aponeurosis, tendon, muscle-tendon unit, tissue strain, tissue stiffness, soleus muscle, rat, Rattus norvegicus

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