QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s):
Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Related articles in JEB Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Johnston, I. A. Articles by Garland, T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Johnston, I. A. Articles by Garland, T., Jr Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

The Journal of Experimental Biology 206, 2595-2609 (2003)
doi: 10.1242/jeb.00474

Reduction in muscle fibre number during the adaptive radiation of notothenioid fishes: a phylogenetic perspective

Ian A. Johnston^1,*, Daniel A. Fernández^1,, Jorge Calvo², Vera L. A. Vieira¹, Anthony W. North³, Marguerite Abercromby¹ and Theodore Garland, Jr⁴

¹ Gatty Marine Laboratory, Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK
² Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) CC92, Ushuaia, 9410, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
³ British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
⁴ Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: iaj{at}st-and.ac.uk)

Accepted 30 April 2003

The fish fauna of the continental shelf of the Southern Ocean is dominated by a single sub-order of Perciformes, the Notothenioidei, which have unusually large diameter skeletal muscle fibres. We tested the hypothesis that in fast myotomal muscle a high maximum fibre diameter (FD_max) was related to a reduction in the number of muscle fibres present at the end of the recruitment phase of growth. We also hypothesized that the maximum fibre number (FN_max) would be negatively related to body size, and that both body size and size-corrected FN_max would show phylogenetic signal (tendency for related species to resemble each other). Finally, we estimated ancestral values for body size and FN_max. A molecular phylogeny was constructed using 12S mitochondrial rRNA sequences. A total of 16 species were studied from the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego (5-11°C), Shag Rocks, South Georgia (0.5-4°C), and Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula (-1.5 to 0.5°C). The absence of muscle fibres of less than 10 µm diameter was used as the criterion for the cessation of fibre recruitment. FD_max increased linearly with standard length (SL), reaching 500-650 µm in most species. Maximum body size was a highly significant predictor of species variation in FN_max, and both body size and size-corrected FN_max showed highly significant phylogenetic signal (P<0.001). Estimates of trait values at nodes of the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree were consistent with a progressive reduction in fibre number during part of the notothenioid radiation, perhaps serving to reduce basal energy requirements to compensate for the additional energetic costs of antifreeze production. For example, FN_max in Chaenocephalus aceratus (12 700±300, mean ± S.E.M., N=18) was only 7.7% of the value found in Eleginops maclovinus (164 000±4100, N=17), which reaches a similar maximum length (85 cm). Postembryonic muscle fibre recruitment in teleost fish normally involves stratified followed by mosaic hyperplasia. No evidence for this final phase of growth was found in two of the most derived families (Channichthyidae and Harpagiferidae). The divergence of the notothenioids in Antarctica after the formation of the Antarctic Polar Front and more recent dispersal north would explain the high maximum diameter and low fibre number in the derived sub-Antarctic notothenioids. These characteristics of notothenioids may well restrict their upper thermal tolerance, particularly for Champsocephalus esox and similar Channichthyids that lack respiratory pigments.

Key words: Antarctic teleosts, growth, muscle fibre recruitment, Notothenioid fishes, phylogeny, skeletal muscle

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

Related articles in JEB:

FISH FIBRES FOLLOW PHYLOGENY

Kathryn Phillips
JEB 2003 206: 2527. [Full Text]  

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. T. Kinsey, K. M. Hardy, and B. R. Locke The long and winding road: influences of intracellular metabolite diffusion on cellular organization and metabolism in skeletal muscle J. Exp. Biol., October 15, 2007; 210(20): 3505 - 3512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. C. Nyack, B. R. Locke, A. Valencia, R. M. Dillaman, and S. T. Kinsey Scaling of postcontractile phosphocreatine recovery in fish white muscle: effect of intracellular diffusion Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): R2077 - R2088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Stellabotte, B. Dobbs-McAuliffe, D. A. Fernandez, X. Feng, and S. H. Devoto Dynamic somite cell rearrangements lead to distinct waves of myotome growth Development, April 1, 2007; 134(7): 1253 - 1257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. A Johnston, M. Abercromby, and O. Andersen Muscle fibre number varies with haemoglobin phenotype in Atlantic cod as predicted by the optimal fibre number hypothesis Biol Lett, December 22, 2006; 2(4): 590 - 592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. R. Biga and F. W. Goetz Zebrafish and giant danio as models for muscle growth: determinate vs. indeterminate growth as determined by morphometric analysis Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2006; 291(5): R1327 - R1337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. A. Johnston Environment and plasticity of myogenesis in teleost fish J. Exp. Biol., June 15, 2006; 209(12): 2249 - 2264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. A Johnston, M. Abercromby, and O. Andersen Loss of muscle fibres in a landlocked dwarf Atlantic salmon population Biol Lett, December 22, 2005; 1(4): 419 - 422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. E. Bonine, T. T. Gleeson, and T. Garland Jr Muscle fiber-type variation in lizards (Squamata) and phylogenetic reconstruction of hypothesized ancestral states J. Exp. Biol., December 1, 2005; 208(23): 4529 - 4547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Garland Jr, A. F. Bennett, and E. L. Rezende Phylogenetic approaches in comparative physiology J. Exp. Biol., August 15, 2005; 208(16): 3015 - 3035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. O. Fernandes, M. G. Mackenzie, G. Elgar, Y. Suzuki, S. Watabe, J. R. Kinghorn, and I. A. Johnston A genomic approach to reveal novel genes associated with myotube formation in the model teleost, Takifugu rubripes Physiol Genomics, August 11, 2005; 22(3): 327 - 338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. T. Kinsey, P. Pathi, K. M. Hardy, A. Jordan, and B. R. Locke Does intracellular metabolite diffusion limit post-contractile recovery in burst locomotor muscle? J. Exp. Biol., July 15, 2005; 208(14): 2641 - 2652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. A. Johnston, M. Abercromby, V. L. A. Vieira, R. J. Sigursteindottir, B. K. Kristjansson, D. Sibthorpe, and S. Skulason Rapid evolution of muscle fibre number in post-glacial populations of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus J. Exp. Biol., December 1, 2004; 207(25): 4343 - 4360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. K. Johnson, R. M. Dillaman, D. M. Gay, J. E. Blum, and S. T. Kinsey Metabolic influences of fiber size in aerobic and anaerobic locomotor muscles of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus J. Exp. Biol., November 1, 2004; 207(23): 4045 - 4056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Phillips FISH FIBRES FOLLOW PHYLOGENY J. Exp. Biol., August 1, 2003; 206(15): 2527 - 2527. [Full Text] [PDF]