|
| |
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Force enhancement following stretching of skeletal muscle : a new mechanism
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
* e-mail: walter{at}kin.ucalgary.ca
Accepted 6 February 2002
We investigated force enhancement following stretching in the in situ cat soleus muscle on the ascending and descending limb of the force-length relationship by varying the amount and speed of stretching and the frequency of activation (5 Hz, 30 Hz). There was a small but consistent (P<0.05) amount of force enhancement following muscle stretching on the ascending limb of the force—length relationship for both stimulation frequencies. The steady-state active isometric forces following stretches of 9 mm on the descending limb of the force—length relationship were always equal to or greater than the corresponding forces from the purely isometric contractions at the length at which the stretch was started. Therefore, force production for these trials showed positive stiffness and was associated with stable behavior. Following active stretching of cat soleus on the descending limb of the force—length relationship, the passive forces at the end of the test were significantly greater than the corresponding passive forces for purely isometric contractions, or the passive forces following stretching of the passive muscle. This passive force enhancement following active stretching increased with increasing magnitude of stretch, was not associated with structural damage, and only disappeared once the muscle was shortened. For stretches of 6 mm and 9 mm, the passive force enhancement accounted for more than 50 % of the total force enhancement, reaching a peak contribution of 83.7 % for the stretches of 9 mm at a speed of 3 mm s-1. The results of this study suggest that a passive structural element provides a great part of the force enhancement on the descending limb of the force—length relationship of the cat soleus. Furthermore, the results indicate that mechanisms other than sarcomere length non-uniformity alone are operative.
Key words: skeletal muscle, force enhancement, sarcomere length, passive elastic element, mechanism of contraction
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  V. Joumaa, D. E. Rassier, T. R. Leonard, and W. Herzog The origin of passive force enhancement in skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, January 1, 2008; 294(1): C74 - C78. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Trinh and D. A. Syme Effects of stretch on work and efficiency of frog (Rana pipiens) muscle J. Exp. Biol., August 15, 2007; 210(16): 2843 - 2850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Herzog and T. Leonard Reply from Walter Herzog (on behalf of the authors) and Tim Leonard J. Physiol., January 15, 2007; 578(2): 617 - 620. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. J. Pinniger and A. G. Cresswell Residual force enhancement after lengthening is present during submaximal plantar flexion and dorsiflexion actions in humans J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2007; 102(1): 18 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. P. McGowan, H. A. Duarte, J. B. Main, and A. A. Biewener Effects of load carrying on metabolic cost and hindlimb muscle dynamics in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2006; 101(4): 1060 - 1069. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Herzog, E. J. Lee, and D. E. Rassier Residual force enhancement in skeletal muscle J. Physiol., August 1, 2006; 574(3): 635 - 642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Pinniger, K. W. Ranatunga, and G. W. Offer Crossbridge and non-crossbridge contributions to tension in lengthening rat muscle: force-induced reversal of the power stroke J. Physiol., June 15, 2006; 573(3): 627 - 643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. A. Telley, R. Stehle, K. W. Ranatunga, G. Pfitzer, E. Stussi, and J. Denoth Dynamic behaviour of half-sarcomeres during and after stretch in activated rabbit psoas myofibrils: sarcomere asymmetry but no 'sarcomere popping' J. Physiol., May 15, 2006; 573(1): 173 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Rassier and W. Herzog Relationship between force and stiffness in muscle fibers after stretch J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2005; 99(5): 1769 - 1775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. T. Corr and W. Herzog Force recovery after activated shortening in whole skeletal muscle: transient and steady-state aspects of force depression J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2005; 99(1): 252 - 260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Oskouei and W. Herzog Observations on force enhancement in submaximal voluntary contractions of human adductor pollicis muscle J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2005; 98(6): 2087 - 2095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ishii, T. Watari, and T. Tsuchiya Enhancement of twitch force by stretch in a nerve-skeletal muscle preparation of the frog Rana porosa brevipoda and the effects of temperature on it J. Exp. Biol., December 15, 2004; 207(26): 4505 - 4513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Rassier and W. Herzog Active force inhibition and stretch-induced force enhancement in frog muscle treated with BDM J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2004; 97(4): 1395 - 1400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Peterson, D. E. Rassier, and W. Herzog Force enhancement in single skeletal muscle fibres on the ascending limb of the force-length relationship J. Exp. Biol., July 15, 2004; 207(16): 2787 - 2791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. KJAeR Role of Extracellular Matrix in Adaptation of Tendon and Skeletal Muscle to Mechanical Loading Physiol Rev, April 1, 2004; 84(2): 649 - 698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Rassier and W. Herzog Considerations on the history dependence of muscle contraction J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2004; 96(2): 419 - 427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Labeit, K. Watanabe, C. Witt, H. Fujita, Y. Wu, S. Lahmers, T. Funck, S. Labeit, and H. Granzier Calcium-dependent molecular spring elements in the giant protein titin PNAS, November 11, 2003; 100(23): 13716 - 13721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Herzog, R. Schachar, and T. R. Leonard Characterization of the passive component of force enhancement following active stretching of skeletal muscle J. Exp. Biol., October 15, 2003; 206(20): 3635 - 3643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
