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The Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 1179-1188 (2002)
© 2002 The Company of Biologists Limited

Copper uptake across rainbow trout gills : mechanisms of apical entry

Martin Grosell^* and Chris M. Wood

McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
^* Present address: Zoophysiological Laboratory, August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark

Accepted 25 January 2002

Several components of branchial copper uptake were identified in juvenile freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using ⁶⁴Cu. On the basis of competitive interactions between sodium and copper uptake, inhibition of copper uptake by a proton pump inhibitor (bafilomycin A1, 2 µmol l^-1) and a Na⁺ channel blocker (phenamil, 100 µmol l^-1), it appears that a proportion of the branchial copper uptake occurs via an apical Na⁺ channel. This sodium-sensitive copper uptake demonstrates saturation kinetics, with a K_m of 7.1 nmol l^-1 and a J_max of 21.2 pmol g^-1 h^-1, and is characterized by an IC₅₀ of 104 µmol l^-1 sodium. On the basis of residual copper uptake in the presence of high sodium concentrations (20 mmol l^-1) and differential inhibition of sodium and copper uptake by phenamil (100 µmol l^-1), a sodium-insensitive component of copper uptake is also present in trout gills. It demonstrates saturation kinetics with a comparably low K_m (9.6 nmol l^-1) but a lower maximum transport capacity (J_max=3.5 pmol g^-1 h^-1) than the sodium-insensitive system. Sodium uptake exhibits saturation kinetics with a K_m of 69 µmol l^-1. Copper reduced branchial sodium transport affinity but increased the maximal sodium transport capacity.

Key words: copper, homeostasis, sodium uptake, copper/sodium interactions, gill, rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

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