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The Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 759-768 (2002)
© 2002 The Company of Biologists Limited

Cardiorespiratory responses of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to severe hypoxia at three acclimation temperatures

J. A. W. Stecyk^* and A. P. Farrell

Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6

*e-mail: jastecyk{at}sfu.ca

Accepted 13 December 2001

In vivo measurements of the cardiovascular responses of anoxia-tolerant teleosts to severe prolonged hypoxia are limited. Here, we report the first direct measurements of cardiac output (Q), heart rate (f_H) and stroke volume during prolonged severe hypoxia (<0.3 mg O₂ l^–1) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) that had been acclimated to 6, 10 and 15°C. While routine Q and f_H values varied with temperature under normoxic conditions (Q₁₀ values of 1.7 and 2.6, respectively), severe hypoxic exposure significantly depressed f_H and Q to similar minimum values that were largely independent of acclimation temperature (Q₁₀ values of 1.2). In contrast, the duration of cardiac depression and the subsequent time period during which carp could tolerate severe hypoxia were inversely related to acclimation temperature (24 h at 6°C, 6 h at 10°C, and 2.5 h at 6°C). Likewise, respiration rate during hypoxia showed a temperature dependence. An unusual finding was that cardiorespiratory status partially recovered during the latter stages of severe hypoxic exposure. We conclude that the cardiorespiratory responses to severe prolonged hypoxia in common carp involved a mixture of temperature-independent, temperature-dependent and time domain phases.

Key words: common carp, Cyprinus carpio, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, respiration rate, temperature, hypoxia.

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