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Developmental changes in the cone visual pigments of black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri
1 Department of Zoology, University of Western Australia, WA 6009,
Australia
2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road,
Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
Present address: Vision Touch and Hearing Research Centre, University of
Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: jshand{at}cyllene.uwa.edu.au)
Accepted 11 September 2002
The spectral absorption characteristics of the visual pigments in the
photoreceptors of the black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri Munro
(Sparidae, Teleostei), were measured using microspectrophotometry. A single
cohort of fish aged 5-172 days post-hatch (dph), aquarium-reared adults and
wild-caught juveniles were investigated. During the larval stage and in
juveniles younger than 100 dph, two classes of visual pigment were found, with
wavelengths of maximum absorbance (
max) at approximately
425 nm and 535 nm. Following double cone formation, from 40 dph onwards, the
short wavelength-sensitive pigment was recorded in single cones and the longer
wavelength-sensitive pigment in double cones. From 100 dph, a gradual shift in
the max towards longer wavelengths was observed in both
cone types. By 160 dph, and in adults, all single cones had a
max at approximately 475 nm while the
max in double cones ranged from 545 to 575 nm. The
relationships between the max and the ratio of
bandwidth:max, for changes in either chromophore or opsin,
were modelled mathematically for the long-wavelength-sensitive visual
pigments. Comparing our data with the models indicated that changes in
max were not mediated by a switch from an A1 to
A2 chromophore, rather a change in opsin expression was most
likely. The shifts in the max of the visual pigments occur
at a stage when the juvenile fish begin feeding in deeper, tanninstained
estuarine waters, which transmit predominantly longer wavelengths, so the
spectral sensitivity changes may represent an adaptation by the fish to the
changing light environment.
Key words: vision, retina, cones, opsin, microspectrophotometry, fish, black bream, Acanthopagrus butcheri
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