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The Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 2511-2517 (2002)
© 2002 The Company of Biologists Limited

The heart rate/oxygen consumption relationship during cold exposure of the king penguin: a comparison with that during exercise

G. Froget1,2, Y. Handrich2, Y. Le Maho2, J.-L. Rouanet3, A. J. Woakes1 and P. J. Butler1,*

1 School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
2 Centre d'Ecologie et Physiologie Energétiques, CNRS, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
3 Laboratoire de Thermorégulation et Energétique de l'Exercice, CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Nord, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: p.j.butler{at}bham.ac.uk )

Accepted 20 May 2002

This study investigated whether exposure to low ambient temperature could be used as an alternative to exercise for calibrating heart rate (fH) against rate of oxygen consumption (O2) for subsequent use of fH to estimate O2 in free-ranging animals. Using the relationship between the oxygen pulse (OP, the amount of oxygen used per heart beat) and an index of body condition (or nutritional index, NI), a relationship between fH and O2 was established for resting king penguins exposed to a variety of environmental temperatures. Although there was a small but significant increase in the OP above and below the lower critical temperature (-4.9°C), there was no difference in the relationship obtained between the OP and body condition (NI) obtained above or below the lower critical temperature. These results were then compared with those obtained in a previous study in which the relationship between fH and O2 had been established for king penguins during steady-state exercise. The relationship between OP and NI in the present study was not significantly different from the relationship between resting OP and NI in the previous study. However, the relationship was different from that between active OP and NI. We conclude that, at least for king penguins, although thermoregulation does not affect the relationship between resting OP and NI, temperature cannot be used as an alternative to exercise for calibrating fH against O2 for subsequent use of fH to estimate O2 in free-ranging animals.

Key words: heart rate, oxygen consumption, penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus, exercise, metabolic rate, foraging, fasting, body condition, thermoregulation, oxygen pulse




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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2002