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The Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 2297-2303 (2002)
© 2002 The Company of Biologists Limited

Review

Maintaining muscle mass during extended disuse: aestivating frogs as a model species

Nicholas J. Hudson and Craig E. Franklin^*

Physiological Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Entomology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: cfranklin{at}zen.uq.edu.au )

Accepted 13 May 2002

Prolonged muscle disuse in vertebrates can lead to a pathological change resulting in muscle wasting and a loss of muscle strength. In this paper, we review muscle disuse atrophy in the vertebrates and examine the factors that influence the magnitude of the atrophic response during extended periods of inactivity, both artificially imposed (e.g. limb immobilisation) and naturally occurring, such as the quiescence associated with dormancy (e.g. hibernation and aestivation). The severity of muscle atrophy is positively correlated with mass-specific metabolic rate, and the metabolic depression that occurs during dormancy would appear to have a protective role, reducing or preventing muscle atrophy despite periods of inactivity lasting 6-9 months. In the light of these findings, the role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants during muscle disuse is emphasised.

Key words: skeletal muscle, disuse, inactivity, atrophy, dormancy, aestivation, reactive oxygen species

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