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The Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 2079-2087 (2002)
© 2002 The Company of Biologists Limited

Long-term fasting and realimentation in hypogean and epigean isopods: a proposed adaptive strategy for groundwater organisms

Frédéric Hervant1,* and David Renault2

1 Hydrobiologie et Ecologie Souterraines (UMR CNRS 5023), 6 rue Dubois, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
2 Station biologique (UMR 6553 CNRS), Université de Rennes I, F-35380 Paimpont, France

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: hervant{at}univ-lyon1.fr )

Accepted 18 April 2002

The effects of long-term fasting and subsequent refeeding on digestive physiology and energy metabolism were investigated in a subterranean aquatic crustacean, Stenasellus virei, and in a morphologically similar surface-dwelling species, Asellus aquaticus. Metabolic response to food deprivation was monophasic in A. aquaticus, with an immediate, large decrease in all energy reserves. In contrast, S. virei displayed three successive periods of phosphageno-glucidic, lipidic and, finally, proteo-lipidic-dominant catabolism over the course of the nutritional stress. To represent the responses of subterranean crustaceans to food stress and renutrition, a sequential energy strategy was hypothesized, suggesting that four successive phases (called stress, transition, adaptation and recovery) can be distinguished. Based on these results, a general adaptive strategy for groundwater organisms was proposed. Their remarkable resistance to long-term fasting may be partly explained by (1) a depressed metabolism, during which they mainly subsist on lipid stores, (2) a prolonged state of glycogen- and protein-sparing, (3) low energetic requirements and (4) large body stores. In addition, these groundwater species displayed high recovery abilities during refeeding, showing an optimal utilization of available food and a rapid restoration of their body reserves. These adaptive responses might be considered for numerous subterranean organisms as an efficient energy-saving strategy in a harsh and unpredictable environment where fasting (and/or hypoxic) periods of variable duration alternate with sporadic feeding events (and/or normoxic periods). Therefore, food-limited and/or hypoxia-tolerant groundwater species appear to be good examples of animals representing a low-energy system.

Key words: starvation, refeeding, subterranean, surface, crustacean, intermediary metabolism, energy metabolism, digestive physiology, adaptive strategy, food-limited biotope






© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2002