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The Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 1459-1469 (2002)
© 2002 The Company of Biologists Limited

Evidence for a role of GABA and Mas-allatotropin in photic entrainment of the circadian clock of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae

Bernhard Petri¹, Uwe Homberg², Rudolf Loesel² and Monika Stengl^1,2,*

¹ Institut für Zoologie/Biologie I, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
² Fachbereich Biologie, Tierphysiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany

^* Author for correspondence at address 2 (e-mail: stengl{at}mailer.uni-marburg.de

Accepted 5 March 2002

Accumulating evidence suggests that the accessory medulla is the location of the circadian pacemaker in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. -Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Mas-allatotropin are two putative neurotransmitters, in the accessory medulla in the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. Neurons immunoreactive to the neuropeptide Mas-allatotropin are local neurons with arborizations in the noduli of the accessory medulla, while GABA-immunoreactive neurons connect the noduli of the accessory medulla to the medulla and to the lamina via processes in the distal tract. Injections of GABA and Mas-allatotropin into the vicinity of the accessory medulla resulted in stable phase-dependent resetting of the circadian locomotor activity of the cockroach. The resulting phase response curves closely matched light-dependent phase response curves, suggesting that both substances play a role in circuits relaying photic information from circadian photoreceptors to the central pacemaker.

Key words: circadian rhythm, locomotor activity, light entrainment, cockroach, insect, Leucophaea maderae, Mas-allatotropin, -aminobutyric acid, GABA, neuropeptide

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