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The Journal of Experimental Biology 204, 4055-4064 (2001)
© 2001 The Company of Biologists Limited

Scavenger-receptor-mediated endocytosis of lipopolysaccharide in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Tore Seternes^1,*, Roy A. Dalmo², James Hoffman², Jarl Bøgwald², Svetlana Zykova¹ and Bård Smedsrød¹

¹ Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway and
² Institute of Marine Biotechnology, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway

*e-mail: torese{at}fagmed.uit.no

Accepted September 11, 2001

The mechanism of elimination of blood-borne Vibrio salmonicida lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) was studied. The anatomical distribution of LPS was determined using both morphological and radiotracing methods. Immunohistochemistry performed on tissue specimens after injection of LPS disclosed that the endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) represented the cellular site of uptake in heart. Co-injection of trace amounts of [¹²⁵I]LPS together with excess amounts of formaldehyde-treated albumin (FSA), a ligand for the scavenger receptor, significantly inhibited the accumulation of the radiotracer in heart only. Studies on purified monolayer cultures of atrial EECs showed that fluorescein-labelled LPS was taken up in structures reminiscent of endosomal/lysosomal vesicles. Incubation of cultures with [¹²⁵I]LPS together with excess amounts of FSA, fucoidan and dextran sulphate, molecules known to compete for endocytosis via the scavenger receptor, reduced uptake of the probe by 80 %. Mannan, a ligand for the mannose receptor, did not compete for uptake. Kinetic studies on the uptake and degradation of [¹²⁵I]LPS in cultured atrial endocardial cells revealed no degradation after 48 h of culture. In conclusion, we have shown that the EECs of cod remove V. salmonicida LPS from the circulation by scavenger-receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Key words: lipopolysaccharide, scavenger receptor, endocytosis, endothelium, endocardium, Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.

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