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The Journal of Experimental Biology 204, 2401-2413 (2001)
© 2001 The Company of Biologists Limited

Review

Functional mapping of ultraviolet photosensitivity during metamorphic transitions in a salmonid fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Mark E. Deutschlander*, Danielle K. Greaves, Theodore J. Haimberger and Craig W. Hawryshyn

Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5

*Author for correspondence at present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623 USA (e-mail: medsbi{at}rit.edu)

Accepted April 19, 2001

Ultraviolet visual sensitivity appears to be reduced and, possibly, lost during smoltification in anadromous populations of salmonid fishes. Similar changes occur in non-anadromous salmonids over a mass range that is associated with smoltification in their anadromous conspecifics. However, in sexually mature adult salmonids, ultraviolet-sensitive cones are present in the dorso-temporal retina, suggesting that ultraviolet sensitivity (i) may be regained with sexual maturity or (ii) might never be completely lost. Both smoltification and the transition to sexual maturity are regulated, in part, by the hormone thyroxine. Thyroxine treatment of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss results in precocial developmental changes that mimic smoltification, including a reduction of ultraviolet sensitivity. However, whether loss of ultraviolet sensitivity in O. mykiss or in other species of salmonids is complete during normal development (or in response to thyroxine treatment) is unclear. In the present study, we have ‘mapped’ topographically ultraviolet photosensitivity during natural and hormone-induced smoltification. Thyroxine-treated O. mykiss juveniles and anadromous steelhead O. mykiss smolts were examined for ultraviolet visual sensitivity by recording compound action potentials from the optic nerve. By selectively illuminating either the dorsal or the ventral retina, we have shown that the reduction of ultraviolet sensitivity occurs primarily in the ventral retina in both groups of fish. Ultraviolet sensitivity remains intact in the dorsal retina.

Key words: spectral sensitivity, vision, fish, ultraviolet sensitivity, developmental change, smoltification, thyroxine, Oncorhynchus mykiss, electrophysiology, optic nerve.


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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2001