|
| |
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Swing- and support-related muscle actions differentially trigger human walk–run and run–walk transitions
Department of Health and Performance Sciences, Center for Human Movement Studies, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0356, USA
*e-mail: boris.prilutsky{at}hps.gatech.edu
Accepted April 20, 2001
There has been no consistent explanation as to why humans prefer changing their gait from walking to running and from running to walking at increasing and decreasing speeds, respectively. This study examined muscle activation as a possible determinant of these gait transitions. Seven subjects walked and ran on a motor-driven treadmill for 40s at speeds of 55, 70, 85, 100, 115, 130 and 145% of the preferred transition speed. The movements of subjects were videotaped, and surface electromyographic activity was recorded from seven major leg muscles. Resultant moments at the leg joints during the swing phase were calculated. During the swing phase of locomotion at preferred running speeds (115, 130, 145%), swing-related activation of the ankle, knee and hip flexors and peaks of flexion moments were typically lower (P<0.05) during running than during walking. At preferred walking speeds (55, 70, 85%), support-related activation of the ankle and knee extensors was typically lower during stance of walking than during stance of running (P<0.05). These results support the hypothesis that the preferred walk–run transition might be triggered by the increased sense of effort due to the exaggerated swing-related activation of the tibialis anterior, rectus femoris and hamstrings; this increased activation is necessary to meet the higher joint moment demands to move the swing leg during fast walking. The preferred run–walk transition might be similarly triggered by the sense of effort due to the higher support-related activation of the soleus, gastrocnemius and vastii that must generate higher forces during slow running than during walking at the same speed.
Key words: walking, running, gait transition, human, locomotion, preferred speed, electromyography, muscle activation, swing, stance, sense of effort.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. L. Bartlett and R. Kram Changing the demand on specific muscle groups affects the walk-run transition speed J. Exp. Biol., April 15, 2008; 211(8): 1281 - 1288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Segers, P. Aerts, M. Lenoir, and D. De Clerq Dynamics of the body centre of mass during actual acceleration across transition speed J. Exp. Biol., February 15, 2007; 210(4): 578 - 585. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Cappellini, Y. P. Ivanenko, R. E. Poppele, and F. Lacquaniti Motor Patterns in Human Walking and Running J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2006; 95(6): 3426 - 3437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. R. Neptune and K. Sasaki Ankle plantar flexor force production is an important determinant of the preferred walk-to-run transition speed J. Exp. Biol., March 1, 2005; 208(5): 799 - 808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Griffin, R. Kram, S. J. Wickler, and D. F. Hoyt Biomechanical and energetic determinants of the walk-trot transition in horses J. Exp. Biol., November 15, 2004; 207(24): 4215 - 4223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Gottschall and R. Kram Energy cost and muscular activity required for propulsion during walking J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2003; 94(5): 1766 - 1772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Wickler, D. F. Hoyt, E. A. Cogger, and G. Myers The energetics of the trot-gallop transition J. Exp. Biol., May 1, 2003; 206(9): 1557 - 1564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
