|
| |
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 203, Issue 18 2851-2863, Copyright © 2000 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
EJ Anderson and ME DeMont
Biology Department, St Francis Xavier University, PO Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5.
High-speed, high-resolution digital video recordings of swimming squid (Loligo pealei) were acquired. These recordings were used to determine very accurate swimming kinematics, body deformations and mantle cavity volume. The time-varying squid profile was digitized automatically from the acquired swimming sequences. Mantle cavity volume flow rates were determined under the assumption of axisymmetry and the condition of incompressibility. The data were then used to calculate jet velocity, jet thrust and intramantle pressure, including unsteady effects. Because of the accurate measurements of volume flow rate, the standard use of estimated discharge coefficients was avoided. Equations for jet and whole-cycle propulsive efficiency were developed, including a general equation incorporating unsteady effects. Squid were observed to eject up to 94 % of their intramantle working fluid at relatively high swimming speeds. As a result, the standard use of the so-called large-reservoir approximation in the determination of intramantle pressure by the Bernoulli equation leads to significant errors in calculating intramantle pressure from jet velocity and vice versa. The failure of this approximation in squid locomotion also implies that pressure variation throughout the mantle cannot be ignored. In addition, the unsteady terms of the Bernoulli equation and the momentum equation proved to be significant to the determination of intramantle pressure and jet thrust. Equations of propulsive efficiency derived for squid did not resemble Froude efficiency. Instead, they resembled the equation of rocket motor propulsive efficiency. The Froude equation was found to underestimate the propulsive efficiency of the jet period of the squid locomotory cycle and to overestimate whole-cycle propulsive efficiency when compared with efficiencies calculated from equations derived with the squid locomotory apparatus in mind. The equations for squid propulsive efficiency reveal that the refill period of squid plays a greater role, and the jet period a lesser role, in the low whole-cycle efficiencies predicted in squid and similar jet-propelled organisms. These findings offer new perspectives on locomotory hydrodynamics, intramantle pressure measurements and functional morphology with regard to squid and other jet-propelled organisms.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. L. Lim and M. E. DeMont Kinematics, hydrodynamics and force production of pleopods suggest jet-assisted walking in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) J. Exp. Biol., September 1, 2009; 212(17): 2731 - 2745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Vogel Modes and scaling in aquatic locomotion Integr. Comp. Biol., December 1, 2008; 48(6): 702 - 712. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. K. Bartol, P. S. Krueger, J. T. Thompson, and W. J. Stewart Swimming dynamics and propulsive efficiency of squids throughout ontogeny Integr. Comp. Biol., December 1, 2008; 48(6): 720 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Thompson, J. A. Szczepanski, and J. Brody Mechanical specialization of the obliquely striated circular mantle muscle fibres of the long-finned squid Doryteuthis pealeii J. Exp. Biol., May 1, 2008; 211(9): 1463 - 1474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. O Dabiri and M. Gharib The role of optimal vortex formation in biological fluid transport Proc R Soc B, August 7, 2005; 272(1572): 1557 - 1560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Anderson and M. A. Grosenbaugh Jet flow in steadily swimming adult squid J. Exp. Biol., March 15, 2005; 208(6): 1125 - 1146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. D. Zeidberg Allometry measurements from in situ video recordings can determine the size and swimming speeds of juvenile and adult squid Loligo opalescens (Cephalopoda: Myopsida) J. Exp. Biol., November 15, 2004; 207(24): 4195 - 4203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. O'Dor Telemetered Cephalopod Energetics: Swimming, Soaring, and Blimping Integr. Comp. Biol., November 1, 2002; 42(5): 1065 - 1070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. T. Thompson and W. M. Kier Ontogeny of Squid Mantle Function: Changes in the Mechanics of Escape-Jet Locomotion in the Oval Squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana Lesson, 1830 Biol. Bull., August 1, 2002; 203(1): 14 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Thompson and W. M. Kier Ontogenetic Changes in Mantle Kinematics During Escape-Jet Locomotion in the Oval Squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana Lesson, 1830 Biol. Bull., October 1, 2001; 201(2): 154 - 166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. K. Bartol, M. R. Patterson, and R. Mann Swimming mechanics and behavior of the shallow-water brief squid Lolliguncula brevis J. Exp. Biol., January 11, 2001; 204(21): 3655 - 3682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Anderson, W. McGillis, and M. Grosenbaugh The boundary layer of swimming fish J. Exp. Biol., January 1, 2001; 204(1): 81 - 102. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
