|
| |
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 202, Issue 23 3347-3357, Copyright © 1999 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
HC Bennet-Clark
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. henry.bennet-clark@zoo.ox.ac.uk
In a resonant vibration, two reactive elements, such as a mass and a spring, interact: the resonant frequency depends on the magnitude of these two elements. The build-up and decay of the vibration depend on the way the resonator is driven and on the damping in the system. The evidence for the existence of resonators in insect sound production is assessed. The mechanics of different types of sound-producing system found in insects is described. Mechanical frequency-multiplier mechanisms, which convert the relatively slow contraction of muscles to the higher frequency of the sound, are commonly used to convert the comparatively slow muscle contraction rate to the higher frequency of the sound. The phasing and rate of mechanical excitation may also affect the frequency and duration of the sound that is produced. Although in many insects the song may appear to be produced by the excitation of a simple resonator, the song frequency may not be constant, suggesting that other factors, such as the mechanism of excitation, or variation of the effective mass or elasticity of the system during sound production, may be additional determinants of the song frequency. Loud, and hence efficient, transduction of the energy of a mechanical resonator into sound may involve a second stage of transduction which, by damping the resonator, may compromise tonal purity. Some insect singers resolve this problem by tuning both stages of transduction to the same frequency, thereby maintaining tonal purity.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Hrncir, A.-I. Gravel, D. L. P. Schorkopf, V. M. Schmidt, R. Zucchi, and F. G. Barth Thoracic vibrations in stingless bees (Melipona seminigra): resonances of the thorax influence vibrations associated with flight but not those associated with sound production J. Exp. Biol., March 1, 2008; 211(5): 678 - 685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. E. Lyons, E. Lesieur, M. Kim, D. C.C. Wong, M. G. Huson, K. M. Nairn, A. G. Brownlee, R. D. Pearson, and C. M. Elvin Design and facile production of recombinant resilin-like polypeptides: gene construction and a rapid protein purification method Protein Eng. Des. Sel., January 12, 2007; (2007) gzl050v2. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Montealegre-Z, G. K. Morris, and A. C. Mason Generation of extreme ultrasonics in rainforest katydids J. Exp. Biol., December 15, 2006; 209(24): 4923 - 4937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Parmentier, J.-P. Lagardere, J.-B. Braquegnier, P. Vandewalle, and M. L. Fine Sound production mechanism in carapid fish: first example with a slow sonic muscle J. Exp. Biol., August 1, 2006; 209(15): 2952 - 2960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Montealegre-Z and A. C. Mason The mechanics of sound production in Panacanthus pallicornis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae): the stridulatory motor patterns J. Exp. Biol., April 1, 2005; 208(7): 1219 - 1237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. C. Bennet-Clark Wing resonances in the Australian field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus J. Exp. Biol., May 1, 2003; 206(9): 1479 - 1496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. J. BAILEY, H. C. BENNET-CLARK, and N. H. FLETCHER ACOUSTICS OF A SMALL AUSTRALIAN BURROWING CRICKET: THE CONTROL OF LOW-FREQUENCY PURE-TONE SONGS J. Exp. Biol., March 10, 2002; 204(16): 2827 - 2841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. C. Bennet-Clark and W. J. Bailey Ticking of the clockwork cricket: the role of the escapement mechanism J. Exp. Biol., March 1, 2002; 205(5): 613 - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Prestwich, K. Lenihan, and D. Martin The control of carrier frequency in cricket calls: a refutation of the subalar-tegminal resonance/auditory feedback model J. Exp. Biol., January 2, 2000; 203(3): 585 - 596. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
