|
| |
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 202, Issue 16 2139-2150, Copyright © 1999 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
RE Shadwick, SL Katz, KE Korsmeyer, T Knower and JW Covell
Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA. rshadwick@ucsd.edu
Cyclic length changes in the internal red muscle of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) were measured using sonomicrometry while the fish swam in a water tunnel at steady speeds of 1.1-2.3 L s(-)(1), where L is fork length. These data were coupled with simultaneous electromyographic (EMG) recordings. The onset of EMG activity occurred at virtually the same phase of the strain cycle for muscle at axial locations between approximately 0.4L and 0.74L, where the majority of the internal red muscle is located. Furthermore, EMG activity always began during muscle lengthening, 40-50 prior to peak length, suggesting that force enhancement by stretching and net positive work probably occur in red muscle all along the body. Our results support the idea that positive contractile power is derived from all the aerobic swimming muscle in tunas, while force transmission is provided primarily by connective tissue structures, such as skin and tendons, rather than by muscles performing negative work. We also compared measured muscle length changes with midline curvature (as a potential index of muscle strain) calculated from synchronised video image analysis. Unlike contraction of the superficial red muscle in other fish, the shortening of internal red muscle in skipjack tuna substantially lags behind changes in the local midline curvature. The temporal separation of red muscle shortening and local curvature is so pronounced that, in the mid-body region, muscle shortening at each location is synchronous with midline curvature at locations that are 7-8 cm (i.e. 8-10 vertebral segments) more posterior. These results suggest that contraction of the internal red muscle causes deformation of the body at more posterior locations, rather than locally. This situation represents a unique departure from the model of a homogeneous bending beam, which describes red muscle strain in other fish during steady swimming, but is consistent with the idea that tunas produce thrust by motion of the caudal fin rather than by undulation of segments along the body.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. E. Shadwick and D. A. Syme Thunniform swimming: muscle dynamics and mechanical power production of aerobic fibres in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) J. Exp. Biol., May 15, 2008; 211(10): 1603 - 1611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Horner and B. C. Jayne The effects of viscosity on the axial motor pattern and kinematics of the African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) during lateral undulatory swimming J. Exp. Biol., May 15, 2008; 211(10): 1612 - 1622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C Liao A review of fish swimming mechanics and behaviour in altered flows Phil Trans R Soc B, November 29, 2007; 362(1487): 1973 - 1993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. B. Gillis, J. P. Flynn, P. McGuigan, and A. A. Biewener Patterns of strain and activation in the thigh muscles of goats across gaits during level locomotion J. Exp. Biol., December 15, 2005; 208(24): 4599 - 4611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Brainerd and E. Azizi Muscle fiber angle, segment bulging and architectural gear ratio in segmented musculature J. Exp. Biol., September 1, 2005; 208(17): 3249 - 3261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Donley, R. E. Shadwick, C. A. Sepulveda, P. Konstantinidis, and S. Gemballa Patterns of red muscle strain/activation and body kinematics during steady swimming in a lamnid shark, the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) J. Exp. Biol., June 15, 2005; 208(12): 2377 - 2387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Goldbogen, R. E. Shadwick, D. S. Fudge, and J. M. Gosline Fast-start muscle dynamics in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: phase relationship of white muscle shortening and body curvature J. Exp. Biol., March 1, 2005; 208(5): 929 - 938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Graham and K. A. Dickson Tuna comparative physiology J. Exp. Biol., November 1, 2004; 207(23): 4015 - 4024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. K. Muller and J. L. van Leeuwen Swimming of larval zebrafish: ontogeny of body waves and implications for locomotory development J. Exp. Biol., February 15, 2004; 207(5): 853 - 868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Dowis, C. A. Sepulveda, J. B. Graham, and K. A. Dickson Swimming performance studies on the eastern Pacific bonito Sarda chiliensis, a close relative of the tunas (family Scombridae) Swimming performance studies on the eastern Pacific bonito Sarda chiliensis, a close relative of the tunas (family Scombridae) II. Kinematics J. Exp. Biol., August 15, 2003; 206(16): 2749 - 2758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Bernal, C. Sepulveda, O. Mathieu-Costello, and J. B. Graham Comparative studies of high performance swimming in sharks I. Red muscle morphometrics, vascularization and ultrastructure J. Exp. Biol., August 15, 2003; 206(16): 2831 - 2843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Donley and R. E. Shadwick Steady swimming muscle dynamics in the leopard shark Triakis semifasciata J. Exp. Biol., April 1, 2003; 206(7): 1117 - 1126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Katz Design of heterothermic muscle in fish J. Exp. Biol., August 1, 2002; 205(15): 2251 - 2266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Syme and R. E. Shadwick Effects of longitudinal body position and swimming speed on mechanical power of deep red muscle from skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) J. Exp. Biol., January 15, 2002; 205(2): 189 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Summers and L. Ferry-Graham Ventilatory modes and mechanics of the hedgehog skate (Leucoraja erinacea): testing the continuous flow model J. Exp. Biol., May 1, 2001; 204(9): 1577 - 1587. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D'Aout, N. A. Curtin, T. L. Williams, and P. Aerts Mechanical properties of red and white swimming muscles as a function of the position along the body of the eel Anguilla anguilla J. Exp. Biol., January 7, 2001; 204(13): 2221 - 2230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Donley and K. Dickson Swimming kinematics of juvenile kawakawa tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) J. Exp. Biol., January 10, 2000; 203(20): 3103 - 3116. [Abstract]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Ellerby, J. Altringham, T Williams, and B. Block Slow muscle function of Pacific bonito (Sarda chiliensis) during steady swimming J. Exp. Biol., January 7, 2000; 203(13): 2001 - 2013. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Gillis Patterns of white muscle activity during terrestrial locomotion in the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) J. Exp. Biol., January 2, 2000; 203(3): 471 - 480. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Coughlin Power production during steady swimming in largemouth bass and rainbow trout J. Exp. Biol., January 2, 2000; 203(3): 617 - 629. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
