|
| |
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 201, Issue 22 3041-3055, Copyright © 1998 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
MW Westneat, ME Hale, MJ Mchenry and JH Long
Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA, Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Department of Biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA a.
The fast-start escape response is a rapid, powerful body motion used to generate high accelerations of the body in virtually all fishes. Although the neurobiology and behavior of the fast-start are often studied, the patterns of muscle activity and muscle force production during escape are less well understood. We studied the fast-starts of two basal actinopterygian fishes (Amia calva and Polypterus palmas) to investigate the functional morphology of the fast-start and the role of intramuscular pressure (IMP) in escape behavior. Our goals were to determine whether IMP increases during fast starts, to look for associations between muscle activity and elevated IMP, and to determine the functional role of IMP in the mechanics of the escape response. We simultaneously recorded the kinematics, muscle activity patterns and IMP of four A. calva and three P. palmas during the escape response. Both species generated high IMPs of up to 90 kPa (nearly 1 atmosphere) above ambient during the fast-start. The two species showed similar pressure magnitudes but had significantly different motor patterns and escape performance. Stage 1 of the fast-start was generated by simultaneous contraction of locomotor muscle on both sides of the body, although electromyogram amplitudes on the contralateral (convex) side of the fish were significantly lower than on the ipsilateral (concave) side. Simultaneous recordings of IMP, escape motion and muscle activity suggest that pressure change is caused by the contraction and radial swelling of cone-shaped myomeres. We develop a model of IMP production that incorporates myomere geometry, the concept of constant-volume muscular hydrostats, the relationship between fiber angle and muscle force, and the forces that muscle fibers produce. The timing profile of pressure change, behavior and muscle action indicates that elevated muscle pressure is a mechanism of stiffening the body and functions in force transmission during the escape response.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. N. Rice and A. H. Bass Novel vocal repertoire and paired swimbladders of the three-spined toadfish, Batrachomoeus trispinosus: insights into the diversity of the Batrachoididae J. Exp. Biol., May 1, 2009; 212(9): 1377 - 1391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. E. Flammang and G. V. Lauder Caudal fin shape modulation and control during acceleration, braking and backing maneuvers in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus J. Exp. Biol., January 15, 2009; 212(2): 277 - 286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Wohl and S. Schuster The predictive start of hunting archer fish: a flexible and precise motor pattern performed with the kinematics of an escape C-start J. Exp. Biol., January 15, 2007; 210(2): 311 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Brainerd and E. Azizi Muscle fiber angle, segment bulging and architectural gear ratio in segmented musculature J. Exp. Biol., September 1, 2005; 208(17): 3249 - 3261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Goldbogen, R. E. Shadwick, D. S. Fudge, and J. M. Gosline Fast-start muscle dynamics in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: phase relationship of white muscle shortening and body curvature J. Exp. Biol., March 1, 2005; 208(5): 929 - 938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. W. Westneat Evolution of Levers and Linkages in the Feeding Mechanisms of Fishes Integr. Comp. Biol., November 1, 2004; 44(5): 378 - 389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. O. Swanson and A. C. Gibb Kinematics of aquatic and terrestrial escape responses in mudskippers J. Exp. Biol., November 1, 2004; 207(23): 4037 - 4044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Bierman, J. E. Schriefer, S. J. Zottoli, and M. E. Hale The effects of head and tail stimulation on the withdrawal startle response of the rope fish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus) J. Exp. Biol., October 15, 2004; 207(22): 3985 - 3997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Liao Neuromuscular control of trout swimming in a vortex street: implications for energy economy during the Karman gait J. Exp. Biol., September 15, 2004; 207(20): 3495 - 3506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Schriefer and M. E. Hale Strikes and startles of northern pike (Esox lucius): a comparison of muscle activity and kinematics between S-start behaviors J. Exp. Biol., February 1, 2004; 207(3): 535 - 544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. W. Westneat, O. Betz, R. W. Blob, K. Fezzaa, W. J. Cooper, and W.-K. Lee Tracheal Respiration in Insects Visualized with Synchrotron X-ray Imaging Science, January 24, 2003; 299(5606): 558 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. D. Tytell and G. V. Lauder The C-start escape response of Polypterus senegalus: bilateral muscle activity and variation during stage 1 and 2 J. Exp. Biol., September 1, 2002; 205(17): 2591 - 2603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Hale S- and C-start escape responses of the muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) require alternative neuromotor mechanisms J. Exp. Biol., July 15, 2002; 205(14): 2005 - 2016. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Azizi and T. Landberg Effects of metamorphosis on the aquatic escape response of the two-lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata) J. Exp. Biol., March 15, 2002; 205(6): 841 - 849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. O. Bennett, R. S. Simons, and E. L. Brainerd Twisting and Bending: The Functional Role of Salamander Lateral Hypaxial Musculature During Locomotion J. Exp. Biol., January 6, 2001; 204(11): 1979 - 1989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Koob and J. H. Long Jr. The Vertebrate Body Axis: Evolution and Mechanical Function Integr. Comp. Biol., February 1, 2000; 40(1): 1 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hale Locomotor mechanics during early life history: effects of size and ontogeny on fast-start performance of salmonid fishes J. Exp. Biol., January 6, 1999; 202(11): 1465 - 1479. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
