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Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 199, Issue 5 1105-1113, Copyright © 1996 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
K Christopher, J Chang and J Goldberg
Serotonin (5-HT) has been established as a regulator of ciliary beating in numerous systems. In early embryos of Helisoma trivolvis, a cilia-driven rotational movement is modulated by the release of endogenous serotonin from a pair of embryonic neurons, ENC1s, directly onto the ciliated epithelium. The present study was undertaken to examine the signal transduction mechanisms underlying serotonin-mediated cilio-excitation in Helisoma trivolvis embryos. Using time-lapse videomicroscopy, the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of cultured embryonic ciliated cells was measured in response to various pharmacological manipulations. Serotonin increased CBF in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) or a combination of forskolin and IBMX, treatments that elevate the concentration of intracellular cyclic AMP, did not mimic the serotonin-induced increase in CBF. Thus, cyclic AMP does not appear to be involved in the regulation of CBF in this system. In contrast, depolarizing the cells with KCl or veratridine, and artificially raising the intracellular Ca2+ concentration with thapsigargin or A23187, caused a serotonin-like increase in CBF. Furthermore, the serotonin response was abolished in a Ca2+-depleted medium or in a medium containing the L-type Ca2+ channel blockers verapamil or nifedipine. These results suggest that serotonin-stimulated cilio-excitation in cultured Helisoma trivolvis cells involves an influx of Ca2+ to increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The link between serotonin-receptor binding and Ca2+ influx in these cells has yet to be determined.
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O. M. Woodward and A. O. D. Willows Dopamine modulation of Ca2+ dependent Cl- current regulates ciliary beat frequency controlling locomotion in Tritonia diomedea J. Exp. Biol., July 15, 2006; 209(14): 2749 - 2764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. A. Doran, R. Koss, C. H. Tran, K. J. Christopher, W. J. Gallin, and J. I. Goldberg Effect of serotonin on ciliary beating and intracellular calcium concentration in identified populations of embryonic ciliary cells J. Exp. Biol., March 15, 2004; 207(8): 1415 - 1429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. A. Doran, C. H. Tran, C. Eskicioglu, T. Stachniak, K.-C. Ahn, and J. I. Goldberg Constitutive and permissive roles of nitric oxide activity in embryonic ciliary cells Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2003; 285(2): R348 - R355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. G. Cole, A. Mashkournia, S. C. Parries, and J. I. Goldberg Regulation of early embryonic behavior by nitric oxide in the pond snail Helisoma trivolvis J. Exp. Biol., October 15, 2002; 205(20): 3143 - 3152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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