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Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 199, Issue 2 435-439, Copyright © 1996 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Measuring leg thrust forces in the common starling

R Bonser and J Rayner

We describe the design of a force-transducing perch which measures the reaction forces of small birds taking off and landing. In common starlings, landing forces are lower than take-off forces, because the bird may decelerate prior to landing by using its wings. Both landing and take-off forces are significantly correlated with body mass; however, the angles of these reaction forces show no significant mass-dependence and are not repeatable within individuals. Diversity in take-off or landing strategy could be advantageous in confusing predators.


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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 1996