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Journal of Experimental Biology 163,139-151 (1992)
Published by Company of Biologists 1992

THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, HEART RATE AND DEEP BODY TEMPERATURE DURING DIVING IN THE TUFTED DUCK AYTHYA FULIGULA

R. M. BEVAN ¹ and P. J. BUTLER ¹

¹ School of Biological Sciences, The University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

Six tufted ducks were trained to dive for food at summer temperatures (air, 26°C, water, 23°C) and at winter temperatures (air, 5.8°C, water 7.4°C). The mean resting oxygen consumption (V_oo2) a t winter temperatures (rwin) was 90% higher than that at summer temperatures (T_sum), but deep body temperatures (T_b) were not significantly different.

Diving behaviour and mean oxygen consumption for dives of mean duration were similar at T_win and at T_sum, although the mean oxygen consumption for surface intervals of mean duration was 50% greater at T_win and T_b was significantly lower (1°C) at the end of a series of dives in winter than it was in summer.

There appears to be an energy saving of 67 J per dive during winter conditions and this may, at least partially, be the result of the metabolic heat produced by the active muscles being used to maintain body temperature. While at rest under winter conditions, this would be achieved by shivering thermogenesis. Thus, the energetic costs of foraging in tufted ducks in winter are not as great as might be expected from the almost doubling of metabolic rate in resting birds.

Key words: diving, temperature, oxygen consumption, heart rate, duck, Aythya fuligula

Accepted on October 1, 1991

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