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Journal of Experimental Biology 16,38-48 (1939)
Published by Company of Biologists 1939

Acceleration of Haemolysis in Relation to Chemical Structure : I. Benzene Derivatives

ERIC PONDER ¹

¹ Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor

1. Benzene and its halogenated derivatives are accelerators of saponin and bile salt haemolysis. The order of effectiveness is benzene<chlor-benzene<brom-benzene<iodo-benzene. The addition of two halogens is more effective than the addition of one, and again the order is Cl<Br<I. In the case of the di-chlor-benzenes, the order of effectiveness is ortho>meta>para, and the addition of three Cl increases the accelerating power more than does the addition of two Cl.

2. Naphthalene and its halogenated derivatives are also accelerators, and again the order of effectiveness is Cl<Br<I. The addition of the halogen in the position is more effective than the addition in the position.

3. Anthracene does not produce appreciable acceleration, perhaps because of its insolubility, but acceleration is produced by its isomer, phenanthrene. The 5-ring compounds which have been examined are too insoluble to produce any measurable effect; of the 4-ring compounds, only estrin and estriol have been examined, and these are inhibitors.

4. Benzene is concentrated at the red cell surface, the amount taken up being roughly linear with the concentration to which the cells are exposed. Acceleration can be observed when there are too few molecules in the system to form even a monolayer.

5. If an accelerator such as benzene is washed off the cells immediately, no accelerating effect remains, but if some time is allowed to elapse before the washing, effects irreversible by washing can be detected.

6. The investigation has brought to light certain hitherto undescribed peculiarities in the kinetics of acceleration, and these are discussed in detail.