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Journal of Experimental Biology 154,257-271 (1990)
Published by Company of Biologists 1990

Adrenergic Control of Red Cell pH in Salmonid Fish: Roles of the Sodium/Proton Exchange, Jacobs–Stewart Cycle and Membrane Potential

MIKKO NIKINMAA 1, KIRSTI TIIHONEN 1, and MARITA PAAJASTE 1

1 Division of Physiology, Department of Zoology, University of Helsinki, Arkadiankatu 7, SF-00100 Helsinki, Finland

We investigated the mechanisms by which adrenergic activation of sodium/proton exchange reduces the pH gradient across the membrane of rainbow trout red cells. In untreated cells, adrenergic stimulation caused a significant increase in the proton distribution ratio ([H+]e/[H+]i) across the red cell membrane. The increase in the proton distribution ratio caused by adrenergic stimulation was inhibited by the protonophore 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). Thus, sodium/proton exchange displaces protons from electrochemical equilibrium. Active regulation of intracellular pH by sodium/proton exchange is possible, because the extracellular dehydration of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide is uncatalyzed. The increase in proton distribution ratio caused by adrenergic stimulation was inhibited in red cell suspensions to which extracellular carbonic anhydrase had been added before stimulation. In contrast, inhibition of intracellular carbonic anhydrase markedly increased the pH changes induced by adrenergic stimulation, suggesting that the net direction of the intracellular hydration/dehydration reaction may markedly affect the intracellular pH changes. Membrane potential changes are not a necessary component of the adrenergic response. The increases in red cell volume and sodium and chloride concentrations induced by adrenergic stimulation were unaffected in cells ‘voltage-clamped’ by valinomycin.

Key words: intracellular pH, sodium/proton exchange, adrenergic stimulation, teleost red cell, Jacobs–Stewart cycle

Accepted on June 11, 1990






© The Company of Biologists Ltd 1990