|
| |
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 150, Issue 1 295-320, Copyright © 1990 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
GE Nilsson
Department of Zoophysiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.), which are extremely anoxia-tolerant, were exposed to 17 days of anoxia at 8 degrees C. One group of fish was transferred to normoxic water for 1-8 h immediately after the anoxic period. All the eight amino acids measured in brain (including four putative neurotransmitters) were more or less strongly affected by anoxia. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) displayed a nearly fivefold increase during anoxia. It is hypothesized that the increased level of this inhibitory transmitter, maybe in combination with the decrease seen in excitatory amino acids (glutamate and aspartate), causes a lowered brain activity and, hence, is a key factor behind the decrease in physical activity and systemic energy metabolism seen in anoxic Carassius. The brain levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine were remarkably well preserved after anoxia (although their synthesis is oxygen-dependent), suggesting adaptive mechanisms. However, anoxia reduced the norepinephrine level in kidney (chromaffin tissue) by 92% and, in contrast to previous results on shorter anoxic periods (3-7 days), the peripheral catecholamine store showed little sign of recovery during the subsequent normoxia. Anoxia was found to deplete the liver glycogen store severely, and the few fish that died after 15-17 days of anoxia contained no detectable liver glycogen.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. Sollid, R. E. Weber, and G. E. Nilsson Temperature alters the respiratory surface area of crucian carp Carassius carassius and goldfish Carassius auratus J. Exp. Biol., March 15, 2005; 208(6): 1109 - 1116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. E. Nilsson and G. M. C. Renshaw Hypoxic survival strategies in two fishes: extreme anoxia tolerance in the North European crucian carp and natural hypoxic preconditioning in a coral-reef shark J. Exp. Biol., August 15, 2004; 207(18): 3131 - 3139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Milton, L. Manuel, and P. L. Lutz Slow death in the leopard frog Rana pipiens: neurotransmitters and anoxia tolerance J. Exp. Biol., November 15, 2003; 206(22): 4021 - 4028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Sollid, P. De Angelis, K. Gundersen, and G. E. Nilsson Hypoxia induces adaptive and reversible gross morphological changes in crucian carp gills J. Exp. Biol., October 15, 2003; 206(20): 3667 - 3673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Michaelidis, N. S. Loumbourdis, and E. Kapaki Analysis of monoamines, adenosine and GABA in tissues of the land snail Helix lucorum and lizard Agama stellio stellio during hibernation J. Exp. Biol., April 15, 2002; 205(8): 1135 - 1143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. E. Nilsson Surviving Anoxia With the Brain Turned On Physiology, October 1, 2001; 16(5): 217 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. W. Smith, D. F. Houlihan, G. E. Nilsson, and J. Alexandre Tissue-specific changes in RNA synthesis in vivo during anoxia in crucian carp Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 1999; 277(3): R690 - R697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
