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Journal of Experimental Biology 15,518-521 (1938)
Published by Company of Biologists 1938

An Apparatus For Measuring The Propulsive Forces Of The Locomotory Muscles Of The Earthworm And Other Animals

J. GRAY 1 and H. W. LISSMANN 1

1 Zoological Department, Cambridge

1. An apparatus is described whereby it is possible to measure the propulsive forces generated during the locomotion of small terrestrial animals.

2. It is shown that the propulsive thrust of the circular muscles and the tractive force of the longitudinal muscles of an earthworm are approximately equal to each other and vary from 2 to 8 g. according to the size and activity of the worm.

3. The total frictional resistance overcome by a worm 25 cm. in length (when fully extended), moving at an average velocity of 0.4 cm. per sec., is approximately 8 g.

Submitted on March 10, 1938






© The Company of Biologists Ltd 1938