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Journal of Experimental Biology 147,217-235 (1989)
Published by Company of Biologists 1989

Tracheal Hypertrophy in Mealworms: Design and Plasticity in Oxygen Supply Systems

CATHERINE LOUDON ¹

¹ Department of Zoology, Duke University Durham, North Carolina 27706, USA; Present address: Department of Biology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA

Larval Tenebrio molitor L. (Insecta) were reared in three different levels of oxygen: 21 % (normal), 15 % and 10.5 %, all at 101.3 kPa (=1 atm) total pressure (remainder nitrogen). Some larvae were transferred from one oxygen level to another during development.

The main tracheae (branching off from the spiracular tracheae) were of greater cross-sectional area in lower ambient oxygen. Compared to larvae of the same body mass reared in 21 % oxygen, larvae reared in 15 % oxygen had main tracheae 40% larger in cross-sectional area on average, and larvae in 10.5% oxygen had main tracheae 120% larger. This hypertrophy is not consistent with the widely accepted hypothesis that tracheae contribute an insignificant resistance to the net movement of oxygen in insect tracheal systems.

The magnitude of the hypertrophy is consistent with predictions from Fick's law of diffusion and with the hypothesis that diffusion is the primary mechanism for oxygen movement in the larval tracheal system of holometabolous insects.

Key words: hypertrophy, insect, oxygen, symmorphosis, tracheae

Accepted on July 10, 1989

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