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Figure 5


Fig. 5. Kick-and-glide maneuver. Muscle activity is shown for the left supracarinalis (SC), hypochordal longitudinalis (HL), flexor dorsalis (FD), interradialis (IR) designated by its number (6, 9, 12) of dorsally corresponding fin ray, flexor ventralis (FV) and infracarinalis (IC) and right red axial myomere of the caudal peduncle (RED). The colors of electromyographic (EMG) traces are the same as Figs 1, 6 and 7 and as in the Flammang and Lauder study of steady swimming (Flammang and Lauder, 2008). Yellow tail outlines in the images above closely follow the distal margin of the caudal fin and fin ray position. Yellow arrows indicate the major direction of tail lobe movement. Images correspond to a normal tail beat at 2.0 L s–1 (A), a fast kick (B), beginning of the glide (C) and the end of the glide before a normal tail beat (D). Bar (yellow), 2 cm.