Fig. 4. (A). Discriminant analyses of four variables selected by stepwise discriminant analysis for three groups of L. humile queens each treated with nestmate queen hydrocarbons (RTP), non-nestmate queen hydrocarbons (FOR), and hexane (HEX) and (B) discriminant analyses of five variables selected by stepwise discriminant analysis for two groups of treated L. humile queens that were either attacked or not attacked by nestmate workers. + marks the centroid of each group.