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Figure 4


Fig. 4. Dye flow visualization of the LEVs evolution at three typical stroke phases. The model wing was translating from the left to the right with a fixed angle of attack of 60°. The dyes were released at the leading-edge. Lp, the primary vortex; Lm1, Lm2 and Lm3, the minor vortices. (Data taken from Lu et al., 2007.)