Fig. 11. Changes in plasma [Na⁺] (filled circles) and [Cl^–] (open circles) in the scaleless carp during exposure to hypoxia (0.3 mg O₂ l^–1) for 24 h followed by recovery in normoxia for 12 h. ^*A statistically significant difference from the normoxic control values; asterisks below the symbols refer to [Cl^–], and that above the symbol refers to [Na⁺]. Vertical bars about the mean represent s.e.m. (N=7).